Table 1 Study characteristics
Author (year) | Study design (period)1 | Setting (country) | Patients (CVCs), n | Ultrasoundprotocol | Reference standard | Primary outcome (secondary outcome) | Performing operators (experienced operators), n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Killu et al. (2010) [47] | Prospective pilot study | Surgical ICU (United States) | 5 (5) | Supraclavicular ultrasounda | CXR | Malposition (time advancement guidewire) | 1 (1) |
Kim et al. (2015) [26] | Prospective pilot study (Jul 2012–Oct 2012) | Operating theatres (Germany) | 51 (51) | Supraclavicular ultrasoundb | CXR/TEE | Malposition (time until confirmation) | 2 (2) |
Kim et al. (2016) [25] | Prospective pilot study(Jun 2014–Aug 2014) | Operating theatres (Germany) | 20 (20) | Supraclavicular ultrasoundb | CXR | Malposition (time advancement guidewire) | 1 (1) |
Baviskar et al. (2015) [48] | Prospective study (Apr 2013–Jan 2014) | Surgical ICU (India) | 25 (25) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Time until confirmation (malposition) | 1 + (1+)3 experienced staff |
Cortellaro et al. (2014) [49] | Prospective study | Emergency department (Italy) | 71 (71) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition (time until confirmation) | 3 (2) |
Duran-Gehring et al. (2015) [50] | Prospective study (Dec 2012–Nov 2013) | Emergency department (United States) | 50 (50) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Time until confirmation (malposition, pneumothorax) | 2 (2) |
Gekle et al. (2015) [51] | Prospective study (Dec 2012–Mar 2014) | Emergency department (United States) | 81 (81) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | Unclear |
Kamalipour et al. (2016) [52] | Prospective study (Aug 2013–Jan 2014) | Operating theatres (Iran) | 116 (116) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition | 1 (1) |
Lanza et al. (2006) [53] | Prospective study (Nov 2004–Sep 2005) | Pediatric ICU (Italy) | 107 (107) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax | 1 (1) |
Salimi et al.2 (2015) [17] | Prospective study | Nephrology department (Iran) | 82 (82) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax | 1 (1) |
Santarsia et al. (2000) [54] | Prospective study | Nephrology department (Italy) | 158 (158) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition | Unclear |
Weekes et al. (2014) [55] | Prospective study (Jan 2013–Apr 2013) | Emergency department and ICU | 147 (152) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition | 5 (5) |
Weekes et al. (2016) [56] | Prospective study (Nov 2013–Mar 2015) | Emergency department and ICU | 156 (156) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | Unclear, by or under supervision of study investigator |
Wen et al. (2014) [57] | Retrospective study (Jun 2011–Jul 2012) | Nephrology department (Germany) | 202 (219) | TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition (time until confirmation) | 2 + (2+)3 |
Alonso-Quintela et al. (2015) [58] | Prospective study (Jan 2012–Jan 2014) | Pediatric ICU (Spain) | 40 (51) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEa | CXR | Malposition (time until confirmation) | 1 (1) |
Maury et al. (2001) [59] | Prospective study (Mar 1999–Sep 1999) | ICU (France) | 81 (85) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | 3 (0) |
Miccini et al. (2016) [46] | Prospective study (Jan 2012–Dec 2014) | Operating theatres (Italy) | 302 (302) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEa | IF/CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax | 2 (2) |
Park et al. (2014) [60] | Prospective study | Pediatric ICU (United States) | 108 (108) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEa | CXR | Malposition (insertion depth CVC) | 3 (3) |
Arellano et al. (2014) [27] | Prospective study | Operating theatres (Canada) | 100 (100) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEb | TEE | Malposition | 4 (2) |
Bedel et al. (2013) [24] | Prospective study (Jan 2010–Nov 2010) | ICU (France) | 98 (101) | Vascular ultrasound and TTEb | CXR | Malposition (pneumothorax, time until confirmation) | 1 (1) |
Blans et al. (2016) [18] | Prospective study (Jan 2015–Sep 2015) | ICU (The Netherlands) | 53 (53) | Vascular ultrasound, TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | 2 (2) |
Matsushima and Frankel (2010) [19] | Prospective study (Nov 2004–Sep 2005) | Surgical ICU (United States) | 69 (83) | Vascular ultrasound, TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | 1 (0) |
Meggiolaro et al. (2015) [32] | Prospective study (Jan 2013–Sep 2013) | Operating theatres (Italy) | 105 (105) | Vascular ultrasound, TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (timing bubble test, time until confirmation) | 1 (1) |
Vezzani et al. (2010) [31] | Prospective study (Apr 2008–Aug 2008) | ICU (Italy) | 111 (111) | Vascular ultrasound, TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation, cost analysis) | 1 (1) |
Zanobetti et al. (2013) [61] | Prospective study (Jan 2009–Dec 2011) | Emergency department (Italy) | 210 (210) | Vascular ultrasound, TTE and CEUSa | CXR | Malposition, pneumothorax (time until confirmation) | 4 + (4+)3 |