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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included trials

From: Indicators of intensive care unit capacity strain: a systematic review

Author

Source

Intent

Design

Population

(n)

Strain Measure

Ahmed [1]

Abstract

Quality

Case-control

Adult

161

After-hours discharge

queuing

Ahrens [2]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Pediatric

764

ICU census

Al-Jaghbeer [3]

Full text

Quality

Cohort

Adult

136

After-hours discharge

ICU readmission

Amaravadi [4]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

366

Nurse-to-patient ratio

Aytekin [5]

Full text

Research

Correlational

Neonatal

80

Burnout

Azevedo [6]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

1329

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Beck [7]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

1654

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

Brown [8]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

268,824

ICU readmission

Brown [9]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

214,692

ICU readmission

Chalfin [10]

Full text

Research

Cross-sectional

Adult

50,322

Queuing

Cooper [11]

Full tText

Research

Cohort

Adult

103,984

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Czaja [12]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Pediatric

111,923

After-hours discharge

ICU readmission

Dara [13]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

2492

ICU acuity

Standardized mortality rate

Duke [14]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

697

After-hours discharge

Duke [15]

Full text

Research

Cross-sectional

Adult

24,935

ICU readmission

ICU transfer

Queuing

Surgery cancellation

Duke [16]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

3004

ICU census

ICU refusal

Surgery cancellation

Frankel [17]

Full text

Quality

Cohort

Adult

4956

ICU readmission

Frisho-Lima [18]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

127

ICU census

Gajic [19]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

1131

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Gantner [20]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

109,384

After-hours discharge

ICU readmission

Goldfrad [21]

Full text

Research

Case-control

Adult

2269

After-hours discharge

Gopal [22]

Abstract

Research

Case-control

Adult

1257

After-hours discharge

ICU readmission

Harris [23]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

13,086

Queuing

Heneghan [6]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Pediatric

373

ICU readmission

Hung [24]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

1242

ICU acuity

Queuing

Iwashyna [25]

Full text

Research

Case-control

Adult

200,499

ICU acuity

ICU census

Joynt [26]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

624

ICU census

Standardized mortality rate

Kramer [27]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

369,129

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Laupland [28]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

7380

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

Leary [29]

Full text

Quality

Modeling

Adult

3101

ICU census

Standardized mortality rate

Workload

Lim [30]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

70

ICU acuity

Liu [31]

Full text

Research

Case-control

Adult

6369

ICU acuity

Louriz [32]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

398

ICU acuity

ICU census

Nathanson [33]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

124,855

ICU acuity

Parker [34]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

255

Queuing

Pozzesseres [6]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

210

Queuing

Priestap [35]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

47,062

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

Pronovost [36]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

2982

Daily rounds by intensivist

Nurse-to-patient ratio

Rosenberg [37]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

4208

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Standardized mortality rate

Ruse [38]

Abstract

Quality

Cohort

Adult

Unknown

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

Queuing

Santamaria [39]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

10,221

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

Singh [40]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

2300

After-hours discharge

ICU acuity

ICU readmission

Stelfox [6]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

32,234

ICU readmission

Tobin [41]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

10,903

After-hours discharge

Early ICU discharge

ICU acuity

Queuing

Town [42]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Adult

60,355

ICU census

ICU readmission

Turnover

Workload

Tucker [43]

Full text

Research

Cohort

Neonatal

13,334

ICU census

Nurse-to-patient ratio

Turnover

Wagner [44]

Full text

Quality

Cohort

Adult

200,730

ICU acuity

ICU census

ICU readmission

Turnover

West [45]

Full text

Research

Cross-sectional

Adult

38,165

ICU census

Nurse-to-patient ratio

Turnover

Workload

Yergens [38]

Abstract

Research

Cohort

Adult

1770

ICU census

Amarasigham [46]

Full text

Quality

Quality Improvement

Adult

Unknown

Queuing

Barado [47]

Abstract

Quality

Modeling

Adult

6300

Early ICU discharge

ICU refusal

  1. The characteristics of the included studies are included above. A full reference of included studies is included in Additional file 4.
  2. ICU, intensive care unit