Table 1 Summary of study designs, outcomes, and definitions of HIRRT
Study | Setting and country | Intervention | Study design | Sample size | Mean age | Male (%) | Primary outcome(s) | HIRRT definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intermittent hemodialysis | ||||||||
Lynch (2016) [21] | USA Single center Medical/surgical ICU | Dialysate Na+ modeling | Retrospective cohort | n = 191 RRT = 892 (242/892 Na modeling) | 62 ± 17 | 60.7 | In-hospital death or dialysis dependence at dischargeHIRRT | SBP < 80 mmHg, or 50 mmHg drop from pre-HD BP, and/or start of vasopressor during HD |
du Cheyron (2013) [20] | France Single center Medical ICU | Blood volume and temperature control | RCT | n = 74 RRT = 574 | 65 ± 10 | 68 | HIRRTArrhythmias RRT-related complication | SBP < 90 mmHg justifying intervention |
du Cheyron (2010) [19] | France Single center Medical ICU | Blood volume and temperature control | Prospective cohort | n = 62 RRT = 572 | 60 (57–70) | 48.4 | HIRRTInterventionsArrhythmias | SBP < 90 mmHg or fall > 40 mmHg |
Schortgen (2000) [22] | France Single center Medical ICU | “Guidelines” for IDH in AKI | Retrospective cohort | n = 121 RRT = 537 | 57–60 ± 15 | 25.6 | HIRRT, intervention, length of stay, mortality | SBP drop > 10% from baseline or infusion need |
Paganini (1996) [26] | USA Single center ICU* | Variable dialysate Na+ and UF modeling | RCT with crossover design | n = 10 RRT = 60 | 64.2 ± 13.7 | 80 | HemodynamicsVolume removal, blood volume change | Interventions: volume ± vasopressors |
Sustained low-efficiency dialysis | ||||||||
Albino (2014) [24] | Brazil Single center ICU*¶ | Duration of dialysis: 6 vs 10 h | RCT | n = 75 RRT = 195 | 61.8 ± 15.1 | 70.6 | HIRRT, renal recovery, mortality | SBP < 90 mmHg MAP < 60 mmHg |
Lima (2012) [23] | Brazil Single center Medical ICU | Lower temperature, dialysate Na+ and UF profiling | RCT | n = 39 RRT = 62 | 58 ± 16 | 67.7 | HIRRT, length of stay, mortality | SBP < 90 mmHg MAP < 60 mmHg Interventions |
Continuous renal replacement therapy | ||||||||
Robert (2012) [25] | France Single center Medical/surgical ICU | Temperature | RCT with crossover design | n = 30 time = 12 h | 66.5 ± 10.3 | 70 | Hemodynamic tolerance | Fall in MAP > 20% or intervention |
Eastwood (2012) [18] | Australia Single center ICU* | CRRT pump speed | Prospective cohort | n = 21 RRT = 41 starts | 58+/−19.9 | 48 | Hemodynamic parameters | Vasopressors, fluid bolus at 10, 30 min Hypotension not defined |