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Table 3 Symptoms and co-morbidities

From: Copeptin levels and commonly used laboratory parameters in hospitalised patients with severe hypernatraemia - the “Co-MED study”

Characteristics

All patients (n = 92)

Salt overload (n = 20)

Dehydration (n = 65)

Central diabetes insipidus (n = 5)

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (n = 2)

Symptoms n (%)

ᅟFatigue

51 (55)

10 (50)

37 (57)

4 (80)

0 (0)

 Weakness

52 (57)

10 (50)

40 (62)

2 (40)

0 (0)

 Disorientation

71 (77)

12 (60)

53 (82)

4 (80)

2 (100)

 Disturbed gait

19 (21)

2 (10)

17 (26)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Fall

24 (26)

2 (10)

22 (34)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Headache

7 (8)

2 (10)

3 (5)

2 (40)

0 (0)

 Nausea

6 (7)

1 (5)

3 (5)

1 (20)

1 (50)

 Sensation of thirst

25 (27)

4 (20)

18 (28)

3 (60)

0 (0)

Co-morbidities,a n (%)

 Hypertension

61 (66)

15 (75)

42 (65)

3 (60)

1 (50)

 CNS diseases

53 (58)

8 (40)

41 (63)

3 (60)

1 (50)

 Previous dysnatraemia

27 (29)

6 (30)

18 (28)

2 (40)

1 (50)

 Congestive heart failure

28 (30)

7 (35)

20 (31)

1 (20)

0 (0)

 Acute kidney injury

43 (46)

11 (55)

29 (45)

1 (20)

2 (100)

 Chronic kidney disease

63 (68)

15 (75)

44 (68)

2 (40)

2 (100)

 Pulmonary diseases

49 (53)

10 (50)

36 (55)

2 (40)

1 (50)

Medication,a n (%)

 Loop diuretics

38 (41)

10 (50)

28 (43)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Thiazide diuretics

11 (12)

3 (15)

8 (12)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Potassium sparing diuretics

10 (11)

3 (15)

7 (11)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Opioids

21 (23)

4 (20)

16 (25)

0 (0)

1 (50)

 Neuroleptics

15 (16%)

4 (20)

10 (15)

0 (0)

1 (50)

 SSRI

6 (7)

2 (10)

3 (5)

0 (0)

1 (50)

 NSAR

10 (11)

2 (10)

7 (11)

0 (0)

1 (50)

  1. Abbreviations: CNS Central nervous system, NSAR Non-steroidal anti-rheumatic, SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
  2. aBased on medical charts, patient report or both