Copeptin levels and commonly used laboratory parameters in hospitalised patients with severe hypernatraemia - the “Co-MED study”

Table 1 Differential diagnosis of hypernatraemia

Category	Example	Treatment
Dehydration	Extrarenal water loss (i.e., vomiting, diarrhoea, dermal losses [fever], long recumbency) Renal losses (i.e., glycosuria, urea diuresis [steroids])	Increase free water load
		Glucose 5% intravenously
		Correct other electrolytes (i.e., potassium)
Central diabetes insipidus	Central diabetes insipidus	Treat with DDAVP
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	Stop cause if possible
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus	Adequate oral fluid intake
Salt overload	Iatrogenic sodium overload (i.e., uncontrolled saline infusion, tube feedings)	Stop iatrogenic action
		Increase free water load
		Glucose 5% intravenously

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