Fig. 3From: The apelinergic system as an alternative to catecholamines in low-output septic shockThe concept of biased signaling. a) In the classic model, ligand L1 binds and elicits a set of signaling pathways leading indiscriminately to multiple physiological effects. b) In biased signaling, ligand L2 biases the receptor toward signaling pathway 1, whereas ligand L3 induces bias for pathway 2, leading to distinct physiological outcomesBack to article page