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Table 3 Medication costs of Belgian patients split by Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC) system classes

From: Cost-effectiveness study of early versus late parenteral nutrition in critically ill children (PEPaNIC): preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial

ATC code

Early PN, €

Late PN, €

Mean difference

(95% CI), €

P value (t test)

Mean

SD

p25–p75

Mean

SD

p25–p75

B (blood/blood forming organs)

850

1.820

210–740

580

1.350

140–480

-270 (-510; -40)

0.02

J (anti-infectives)a

320

2500

4–90

170

1.030

4–50

-150 (-470; 80)

0.17

A (alimentary tract/metabolism)

70

250

20–70

50

80

10–40

-30 (-40; -10)

<0.001

V (various)

100

140

20–140

80

110

20–110

-20 (-40; -7)

0.004

N (nervous system)

90

180

30–80

70

150

30–80

-20 (-40; 0)

0.03

C (cardiovascular)

55

150

3–50

45

100

1–50

-10 (-30; 5)

0.07

R (respiratory)

20

150

0–0

10

50

0–0

-10 (-30; 7)

0.10

H (hormonal)

30

110

0–30

20

60

0–30

-10 (-20; 3)

0.10

M (musculo-skeletal)

13

40

3–10

7

10

3–9

-5 (-10; -2)

0.01

D (dermatologics)

10

70

0–8

7

30

0–8

-3 (-10; 3)

0.26

S (sensory organs)

3

5

0–4

2

3

0–4

-1 (-1; 0)

0.01

P (antiparasitic)

1

20

0–0

0

0

0–0

1 (-3; 0)

0.19

G (genito-urinary/sex hormones)

1

8

0–0

1

8

0–0

0 (-1; 1)

0.48

L (antineoplasmic/immunomodulating)

25

330

0–0

45

320

0–0

20 (-30; 60)

0.26

Total

1.600

4.663

380–1.260

1.070

2.577

310–830

-500 (-1.060; 20)

0.03

  1. Cost categories were ranked according to the mean difference between the treatment groups. PN parenteral nutrition, CI confidence interval, p25–p75 25th to 75th percentile
  2. aData from both Belgian and Dutch patients