Fig. 3

Substrate mobilization in catabolic response to stress and injury during acute phase. In well-nourished patients, the body is capable of generating 50–75% of glucose needs in the first few days of ICU stay. Patients still require adequate protein delivery (> 1.0 g/kg/day) due to muscle catabolism, but may benefit from reduced nonprotein kilocalorie delivery (~ 15 kcal/kg/day). Adapted from [9]