Table 1 Assessment of fluid volume
Authors | Patients | Position | Derived formula | Results | Mean prediction errora/mean biasb | Limits of agreementsc/standard errord |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vignon et al. [29] | Mechanically ventilated and not ventilated patients | Supine | NA | Pleural effusion > 800 mL predicted when the distance is: > 45 mm (right; sensitivity 94%, specificity 76%); > 50 mm (left; sensitivity 100%, specificity 67%) Positive linear correlation between distance and volume: r = 088; r2 = 0.72; p < 0.0001 | 28 ± 146 mLb | −286 mL and +343mLc |
Roch et al. [30] | Mechanicall ventilated patients | Supine with arm abducted | NA | A distance between lung and posterior chest wall at the lung base > 5 cm predicted a drained volume > 500 mL (sensitivity 83%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 91%, negative predictive value 82%) | NA | NA |
Balik et al. [31] | Mechanically ventilated patients | Supine with mild trunk elevation at 15° | V(ml) = 20 × Sep (mm) | Positive linear correlation between distance (Sep) and volume: r = 0.72; r2 = 0.52; p < 0.001 | 158.4 ± 160.6a | NA |
Usta et al. [32] | Spontaneous breathing patients after cardiac surgery | Sitting | V (ml) = 16 × D (mm) | Positive linear correlation between D and V: r = 0.89, r2 = 0.79; p < 0.001 | −21.1 ± 97.78a | 97.42d |
Remérand et al. [33] | Critically ill patients | Supine | V (ml) = LUS × AUS | Positive linear correlation between ultrasound V and drained V (r = 0.84, p < 0.001) and with CT V (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). | −33b | −292 to + 227 mLc |