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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 779 cirrhotic patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis

From: Copeptin in acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis: relationship with acute-on-chronic liver failure and short-term survival

Variable

All patients (n = 779)

No ACLF (n = 640)

ACLF (n = 139)

p valuea

Age (years)

58 ± 12

58 ± 12

58 ± 11

0.893

Gender (male)

512 (65.7)

421 (65.8)

91 (65.5)

0.944

Background

 Diabetes

190 (24.9)

151 (24.0)

39 (29.1)

0.219

 Coronary heart disease

37 (5.1)

30 (5.0)

7 (5.5)

0.796

Etiology

 Alcohol

471 (61.0)

374 (58.9)

97 (70.8)

0.010

 Hepatitis B

42 (5.7)

37 (6.2)

5 (3.8)

0.282

 Hepatitis C

235 (31.9)

197 (32.7)

38 (28.4)

0.333

 NAFLD

33 (4.5)

24 (4.0)

9 (6.8)

0.159

 Cholestatic

17 (2.3)

15 (2.5)

2 (1.5)

0.505

 Cryptogenic

43 (5.8)

40 (6.6)

3 (2.3)

0.052

 Other

53 (7.2)

45 (7.5)

8 (6.1)

0.570

Physical examination

 SBP (mmHg)

116 ± 18

117 ± 18

114 ± 21

0.238

 DBP (mmHg)

67 ± 11

68 ± 11

63 ± 11

<0.001

 MAP (mmHg)

83 ± 12

84 ± 12

80 ± 13

< 0.001

Clinical features

 Ascites

691 (88.7)

557 (87.0)

134 (96.4)

0.002

 Bacterial infection

177 (22.8)

134 (21.0)

43 (31.4)

0.009

 SIRS

153 (19.6)

115 (18.0)

38 (27.3)

0.012

 Sepsis

37 (4.8)

22 (3.5)

15 (11.0)

< 0.001

 HE

240 (30.8)

158 (24.7)

82 (59.0)

< 0.001

 ACLF grade I

80 (10.3)

–

80 (57.6)

–

 ACLF grade II

51 (6.6)

–

51 (36.7)

–

 ACLF grade III

8 (1.0)

–

8 (5.7)

–

Organ failure

 Liver

97 (12.5)

45 (7.0)

52 (37.4)

<0.001

 Cerebral

39 (5.0)

16 (2.5)

23 (16.6)

< 0.001

 Circulation

22 (2.8)

5 (0.8)

17 (12.2)

< 0.001

 Respiratory

12 (1.5)

3 (0.5)

9 (6.5)

< 0.001

 Renal

82 (10.5)

0 (0.0)

82 (59.0)

< 0.001

 Coagulation

43 (5.5)

15 (2.3)

28 (20.1)

< 0.001

Laboratory data

 Copeptin (pmol/L)

13 (5–32)

11 (4–26)

33 (14–64)

< 0.001

 WBC (×109/L)

5.9 (4.1–9.3)

5.7 (4.0–8.3)

8.9 (5.3–13.1)

< 0.001

 CRP (mg/L)

18 (7–41)

16 (6–37)

26 (12–50)

< 0.001

 Bilirubin (mg/dL)

2.9 (1.5–6.5)

2.8 (1.5–5.5)

6.1 (2.0–16.4)

< 0.001

 INR

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

1.4 (1.3–1.7)

1.7 (1.4–2.2)

< 0.001

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.9 (0.7–1.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

2.2 (1.0–3.1)

< 0.001

 Sodium (mmol/L)

135 ± 6

136 ± 5

134 ± 7

0.002

Scores

 Child-Pugh

9.4 ± 2.1

9.2 ± 1.9

10.6 ± 2.2

< 0.001

 MELD

18 ± 7

16 ± 5

26 ± 7

< 0.001

 CLIF-C OF

7.5 ± 1.7

7.0 ± 1.1

9.9 ± 1.9

< 0.001

Treatmentsb

 ICU admission

102 (13.2)

75 (11.8)

27 (19.4)

0.016

 Antibiotics

142 (18.8)

111 (17.9)

31 (23.0)

0.170

 Transfusionc

87 (11.5)

67 (10.7)

20 (14.8)

0.175

 Vasoactive agentsd

39 (5.1)

21 (3.4)

18 (13.3)

< 0.001

 Mechanical ventilation

14 (1.8)

9 (1.4)

5 (3.6)

0.078

 Renal replacement therapy

3 (0.4)

1 (0.2)

2 (1.4)

0.027

  1. Variables are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or n (%) as appropriate
  2. aComparisons between patients with and without ACLF
  3. bAt any time during follow-up
  4. cIncludes transfusion of red cells package, fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitates.
  5. dIncludes any vasoactive drug used for circulatory support, variceal bleeding, or hepatorenal syndrome
  6. ACLF acute-on-chronic liver failure, CLIF-C OF chronic liver failure-consortium organ failure, CRP C-reactive protein, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HE hepatic encephalopathy, ICU intensive care unit, INR international normalized ratio, MAP mean arterial blood pressure, MELD Model for End-stage Liver Disease, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, WBC white blood cell count
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Critical Care

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