Table 1 Characteristics of participants at study entry
|  | All patients (n = 124) | NacA group (n = 60) | Control group (n = 64) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.90 (1.89) | 51.34 (2.71) | 50.51 (2.65) | 0.82 |
Male gender, n (%) | 96 (77.41) | 46 (76.66) | 55 (85.93) | 0.24 |
Weight (Kg) | 70.41 (2.42) | 70.17 (3.07) | 70.7 (4.01) | 0.91 |
Height (cm) | 168 (0.88) | 165 (1.18) | 169 (1.27) | 0.40 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 27.41 (1.36) | 25.63 (1.85) | 29.63 (1.83) | 0.59 |
APACHE II score | 13.85 (0.63) | 14.44 (1.01) | 13.29 (0.78) | 0.37 |
SOFA score | 6.04 (0.32) | 5.94 (0.5) | 6.14 (0.41) | 0.75 |
Category of admission | ||||
 Medical, n (%) | 53 (42.74) | 23 (38.33) | 30 (46.87) | 0.36 |
 Surgical, n (%) | 29 (23.38) | 13 (21.66) | 16 (25) | 0.67 |
 Neurosurgical, n (%) | 42 (33.87) | 24 40) | 18 (28.12) | 0.18 |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 12 (9.67) | 9 (15) | 3 (4.68) | 0.06 |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 36 (29.03) | 18 (30) | 18 (28.12) | 0.84 |
 Cardiovascular, n (%) | 14 (11.29) | 8 (6.45) | 6 (9.37) | 0.57 |
 Cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (0.80) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 0.48 |
 History of renal disease, n (%) | 10 (8.06) | 6 (10) | 4 (6.25) | 0.52 |
 Sepsis, n (%) | 43 (34.67) | 24 (40) | 19 (29.68) | 0.57 |
 COPD, n (%) | 19 (15.32) | 10 (16.66) | 9 (14.06) | 0.80 |
 Charlson index score | 2.15 (0.22) | 2.47 (0.38) | 1.86 (0.24) | 0.17 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.79 (0.06) | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.75 (0.06) | 0.10 |
Serum cystatin-C (mg/L) | 0.92 (0.06) | 0.97 (0.07) | 0.92 (0.09) | 0.78 |
Serum urea,median (mg/dl) | 45 (3.48) | 56 (5.51) | 41 (4.22) | 0.08 |
Urea/creatinine | 61.39 (2.41) | 60.21 (3.51) | 62.69 (3.25) | 0.60 |
Fluid balance/24Â h (ml) | 1388 (151.7) | 1133 (194.8) | 1633 (227.6) | 0.09 |
Vasoactive therapy, n (%) | 45 (36.29) | 20 (33.33) | 25 (39.06) | 0.57 |
Noradrenaline dose, γ | 0.65 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.46 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 76 (61.29) | 32 (53.33) | 44 (68.75) | 0.09 |
Diuretic therapy, n (%) | 19 (15.32) | 12 (20) | 7 (10.93) | 0.21 |
ACEi or ARBs, n (%) | 27 (21.77) | 14 (23.33) | 13 (20.31) | 0.82 |
Nephrotoxic medications, n (%) | 87 (70.16) | 43 (71.66) | 44 (68.75) | 0.82 |
CIN, n (%) | 21 (16.93) | 11 (18.33) | 10 (15.62) | 0.81 |
Volume of contrast agent (ml) | 123 (2.50) | 128.75 (3.95) | 119 (3.16) | 0.06 |
Multiple studies, n (%) | 19 (15.32) | 6 (10) | 13 (20.31) | 0.62 |
Length of ICU stay before entering the study (days) | 18.61 (2.4) | 15.74 (2.3) | 21.68 (4.07) | 0.18 |
Length of ICU stay (days, median) | 28.5 (3.53) | 32.5 (5.11) | 27.5 (4.49) | 0.34 |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 26 (20.96) | 15 (25) | 11 (17.18) | 0.37 |
RRT 10Â days post contrast agent, number of patients (%) | 7 (5.64) | 3 (5) | 4 (6.25) | 1.00 |