Fig. 5
From: Vasculotide reduces pulmonary hyperpermeability in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia
Vasculotide (VT) treatment was not associated with a reduced pulmonary immune response. Streptococcus pneumoniae (5 × 106 colony-forming units/mouse) or sham-infected mice were intravenously (i.v.) treated with VT (500 ng) or PBS 22 h, 34 h, and 46 h postinfection (p.i.). Lungs were prepared, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 24 h or 48 h p.i. Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were differentiated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and BALF cytokines were quantified. Pulmonary leukocyte recruitment (a, b) and BALF cytokine concentrations (c, d) were not significantly reduced (except interleukin [IL]-12p40) by VT 24 h (a, c) and 48 h (b, d) after infection. Values are given as mean + SEM (n = 8 for S. pneumoniae-infected groups or n = 5 for sham-infected groups). Dotted lines indicate lower detection limits, and dash-dotted lines indicate upper detection limits, of the cytokine assay. *p < 0.05 between indicated groups. nd not detectable, PMN Polymorphonuclear cells, S. pn. Streptococcus pneumoniae