Fig. 6

Box plot comparing biomarkers by cardiac etiology or noncardiac etiology. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed. Analysis results are shown by a box plot on a logarithmic scale. Serum levels of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) (a), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (b), and interleukin (IL)-6 (c) were compared with cardiac etiology and noncardiac etiology at 0, 24, 48, and 168 h (7 days). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.001 (**) above the box plot. The horizontal bold line in the middle of the box is the median value. The box is the IQR from the first quartile to the third quartile. Whiskers are the range of maximum and minimum values between 1.5 times IQR above the third quartile and 1.5 times the IQR below the first quartile. Open circles are the outliers between 1.5 and 3 times the IQR either above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Asterisks are the outliers three times the IQR either above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Numbers of patients in the graphs are 0 h (n = 73), 24 h (n = 68), 48 h (n = 62), 168 h, (n = 50) in the cardiac group; and 0 h (n = 55), 24 h (n =46), 48 h (n = 39), 168 h (n = 32) in the noncardiac group