Fig. 3

Box plot comparing biomarkers by outcome. Mann-Whitney U test was performed. Analysis results are shown by a box plot in a logarithm scale. Serum level of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) (a), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (b), and interleukin (IL)-6 (c) were compared with group Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories Scale (CPC) 3–5 and CPC 1 or 2 at 0, 24, 48, and 168 h (7 days). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.001 (**) above the box plot. The horizontal bold line in the middle of the box is the median value. The box is the IQR from the first quartile to the third quartile. Whiskers are the range of maximum and minimum values between 1.5 times IQR above the third quartile and 1.5 times IQR below the first quartile. Open circles are the outliers between 1.5 and 3 times IQR either above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Asterisks are the outliers three times IQR either above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Number of patients in the graphs (a–c) are 0 h (n = 25), 24 h (n = 25), 48 (n = 25), and 168 (n = 25) for CPC 1 or 2; and 0 h (n = 103), 24 h (n = 89), 48 h (n = 76), and 168 h (n = 57) for CPC 3 or 4