Table 2 Within- and between-region variation in first- and second-tier treatments for elevated intracranial pressure
Variable | Northern Europe (n =9) | Western Europe (n = 25) | United Kingdom (n =7) | Southern Europe (N =12) | Baltic states (n = 5) | Eastern Europe (n = 6) | Israel (n = 2) | Nagelkerke R 2 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-tier treatments | ||||||||
Propofol | 78% | 76% | 100% | 92% | 80% | 67% | 100% | 0.14 |
Midazolam | 67% | 76% | 29% | 75% | 100% | 83% | 100% | 0.22 |
Fentanyl | 44% | 44% | 29% | 67% | 100% | 100% | 50% | 0.31 |
Morphine | 56% | 48% | 57% | 50% | 40% | 33% | 50% | 0.02 |
Neuromuscular blocking agents | 0% | 16% | 29% | 25% | 40% | 67% | 50% | 0.25 |
α2-Agonists | 33% | 12% | 0% | 17% | 40% | 0% | 0% | 0.22 |
Barbiturates | 11% | 8% | 0% | 0% | 80% | 83% | 0% | 0.63 |
CSF drainage | 33% | 24% | 0% | 25% | 60% | 50% | 0% | 0.20 |
Mannitol | 11% | 67% | 43% | 83% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0.46 |
Hypertonic saline | 89% | 71% | 86% | 58% | 40% | 33% | 100% | 0.20 |
Second-tier treatments | ||||||||
Decompressive craniectomy | 33% | 36% | 29% | 33% | 80% | 33% | 100% | 0.16 |
Hypothermia | 22% | 25% | 71% | 25% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0.29 |
Deep hyperventilation | 0% | 13% | 0% | 33% | 20% | 33% | 0% | 0.24 |
Barbiturates | 11% | 29% | 14% | 33% | 80% | 67% | 0% | 0.25 |
CSF drainage | 56% | 28% | 43% | 33% | 20% | 17% | 50% | 0.08 |