Table 2 Laboratory and clinical outcomes

Number of combined lactate/glucose measurements per patient in first 24 h

10 (7–12)

10 (7–12)

11 (8–14)

<0.001

Mean lactate (mmol/l)

1.5 (1.1–2.9)

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

1.9 (1.3–3.2)

<0.001

Mean glucose (mmol/l)

7.9 (7.1–8.7)

7.8 (7.1–8.7)

8.2 (7.3–9.3)

<0.001

 Any glucose <2.2 mmol/L

0.4% (34)

0.3% (21)

1.3% (13)

<0.001

 Any glucose <3.3 mmol/L

1.8% (162)

1.4% (109)

5.3% (53)

<0.001

 Any glucose <4.0 mmol/L

4.3% (390)

3.5% (285)

10.4% (105)

<0.001

Baseline creatinine (μmol/L)

81 (67–102)

80 (66–99)

95 (70–141)

<0.001

Maximal creatinine (μmol/L)

81 (65–109)

79 (64–103)

123 (80–219)

<0.001

AKI

20.4% (7224)

16.9% (6707)

51.3% (517)

<0.001

 Stage 1

9.9% (894)

9.2% (740)

15.3% (154)

<0.001

 Stage 2

3.5% (319)

2.8% (223)

9.5% (96)

<0.001

 Stage 3

7.3% (664)

4.9% (397)

26.5% (267)

<0.001

Baseline bilirubin (μmol/L)

8 (6–14)

8 (5–13)

9 (6–18)

<0.001

Maximal bilirubin (μmol/L)

10 (7–15)

10 (7–15)

12 (8–24)

<0.001

Baseline ALT (IU/L)

25 (17–42)

25 (17–40)

31 (66–18)

<0.001

Maximal ALT (IU/L)

34 (20–70)

32 (19–64)

57 (27–177)

<0.001

Baseline AST (IU/L)

28 (22–45)

27 (21–42)

41 (25–92.5)

<0.001

Maximal AST (IU/L)

51 (30–101)

48 (30–89)

97.5 (44–323.5)

<0.001

Baseline GGT (IU/L)

37 (23–71)

36 (23–67)

49 (27–107)

<0.001

Maximal GGT (IU/L)

43 (21–106)

39 (20–98)

75 (36.5–152)

<0.001

Baseline AP (IU/L)

72 (57–93)

71 (57–91)

80 (58–119)

<0.001

Maximal AP (IU/L)

72 (54–108)

71 (53–104)

89 (63–141)

<0.001

Baseline PT (IU/L)

12.1 (11.3–14.1)

12.1 (11.2–14)

12.9 (11.5–15.6)

<0.001

Maximal PT (IU/L)

12.7 (11.9–14.2)

12.6 (11.8–14.0)

14.0 (12.1–18.6)

<0.001

ICU length of stay (days)

1.0 (0.9–3.5)

1.0 (0.9–2.8)

3.9 (1.6–9.4)

<0.001

Hospital length of stay (days)

11.1 (7.1–19.1)

11.2 (7.2–19.2)

7.3 (2.9–17.5)

<0.001