First author | Year of publication | Tested molecule | Comparator | Statistical design | Blinded | Causative pathogen | Patients with VAP (ITT or mITT, %) | Number of ITT patients | Patient with positive respiratory samples (% of ITT/primary endpoint population) | Mean age ± SDa | Mean Apache II score ± SDa | Duration of study therapy, (days) | Cure rate (%) | Mortality rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jaccard | 1998 | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Imipenem/cilastatin | NM | Yes | All pathogens | NM | 154 | 81/81 | 59.7 ± 16.9 | 14.9 ± 6.8 | 7–14 | 77 | 8.4l |
Brun-Buisson | 1998 | Piperacillin/tazobactam + amikacin | Ceftazidim + amikacin | Equivalence | No | All pathogens | 100 | 204 | 62/100 | 55.5 ± 16 | 37.4 ± 1.4f | 15–21 | 42 | 20i |
Fagon | 2000 | Quinupristin/dalfopristin | Vancomycin | Equivalence | No | Only Gram-positive pathogens | 70 | 304 | 73/100 | 57 ± 18 | 15 ± 6.9 | 5–14 | 44 | 23k |
Torres | 2000 | Ciprofloxacin | Imipenem/cilastatin | NM | No | All pathogens | NM | 149 | 68/100 | 61 ± 16 | 13.8 ± 8 | NM | 68 | 16k |
Alvarez-Lerma | 2001 | Piperacillin/tazobactam + amikacin | Ceftazidim + amikacin | Equivalence | No | All pathogens | 85 | 124 | 56/64 | 59 ± 19 | 16.7 ± 6.5 | NM | 48 | 35k |
Nicolau | 2001 | Continuous ceftazidime | Intermittent ceftazidime | NM | No | All pathogens | 91 | 35 | 68/80 | 51 ± 18 | 14.5 ± 5.5 | NM | 37 | NM |
Rubinstein | 2001 | Linezolid | Vancomycin | Equivalence | Yes | All pathogens | 63 | 396 | 42//NM | 62 ± 18 | 15.5 ± 6.8 | 7 | 52 | 21k |
Wunderlink | 2003 | Linezolid | Vancomycin | Equivalence | Yes | All pathogens | 35 | 623 | 71//100 | 62.5 ± 19.1 | 14.1 ± 6 | 7–21 | 53 | 20j |
Zanetti | 2003 | Cefepim | Imipenem/cilastatin | Non inferiority | Yes | All pathogens | NM | 209 | NM/71 | 54 ± 18 | 15 ± 6.5 | NM | 39 | 22i |
Shorr | 2005 | Levofloxacin | Imipenem/cilastatin | Non inferiority | No | All pathogens | 100 | 222 | >50/>50 | 53 ± 21 | 15 ± 14 | NM | 61 g | NM |
Joshi | 2006 | Piperacillin/tazobactam + tobramycin | Imipenem/cilastatin + tobramycin | Equivalence | Yes | All pathogens | 69 | 437 | 92//100 | 52.3 ± 20 | 13.5 | >5 | 53 | NM |
Schmidt | 2006 | Piperacillin/tazobactam | Imipenem/cilastatin | NM | Yes | All pathogens | NM | 221 | 100/100 | 67 ± 13.7 | 13.4 ± 4.2 | 5–21 | 68 g | 13k |
Betrosian | 2008 | Ampicillin-sulbactam | Colistin | NM | No | Acinetobacter baumanii | 100 | 28 | 100/100 | 70 ± 7 | 14 ± 3.5 | 8–10 | 68 | 28h |
Chastre | 2008 | Doripenem | Imipenem/cilastatin | Non inferiority | No | All pathogens | 100 | 531 | 78/82 | 50,5 ± 19 | RS 59 < 15 | 7–14 | 58 | 10h |
Giamarallos-Bourboulls | 2008 | ATB + clarithromycin | ATB + placebo | NM | yes | All pathogens | 100 | 200 | 100/100 | 58.4 ± 18.4 | 17 ± 6 | NM | 75 | 25i |
Heyland | 2008 | Meropenem + ciprofloxacin | Meropenem | Superiority | no | All pathogens | 100 | 740 | 82/82 | 59 ± 17.8 | 20 ± 6.3 | NM | NM | 19h |
Freire | 2010 | Tigecyclin | Imipenem/cilastatin | Non inferiority | yes | All pathogens | 26.8 | 945 | 65/62 | 57.4 ± 18.6 | RS 396 > 15 | 7–14 | 52 | 13k |
Jung | 2010 | Vancomycin + rifampicin | Vancomycin | Superiority | no | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus | 73 | 83 | 100/100 | 69 (28-98)b | 24 (15–38)b | 14 | 42 | 30h |
Rattanaum-pawan | 2010 | ATB + nebulized colistimetate | ATB + placebo | Superiority | no | Only Gram-negative pathogens | 100 | 102 | 100/100 | 68 ± 16.5 | 18.7 ± 5 | NS | 52 | 42h |
Lu | 2011 | Nebulized ceftazidime + amikacin | IV ceftazidim + amikacin | NM | No | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 100 | 40 | 100/100 | 59 ± 16 | 33 ± 13f | 8 | 72 | 18h |
Rubinstein | 2011 | Telavancin | Vancomycin | Non inferiority | Yes | Only Gram-positive pathogens | 28 | 1503 | 60/73 | 62 ± 18 | 15.5 ± 6.2 | 7–21 | 59 | 19h |
Aydemir | 2012 | Colistin | Colistin + rifampicin | NM | No | Acinetobacter baumanii | 100 | 43 | 100/100 | 61 ± 20 | 19.1 ± 6 | NS | 46 | 67k |
Kollef | 2012 | Doripenem | Imipenem | Non inferiority | Yes | All pathogens | 100 | 227 | 74/100 | 54.7 ± 17.6 | RSe | 7–10 | 52 | 18h |
Wunderlink | 2012 | Linezolid | Vancomycin | Non inferiority | Yes | Staphylococcus aureus | 63 | 448 | 100/100 | 61 ± 18 | 17 ± 6 | 7–14 | 50 | 16j |
Ramirez | 2013 | Tigecyclin Low dose/Tigecyclin High dose | Imipenem/cilastatin | Non inferiority | Yes | All pathogens | 39 | 105 | 63/71 | 62 ± 15 | 13.8 | NS | 59 | 16k |
Awad | 2014 | Ceftobiprol medocaril | Ceftazidim + vancomycin | Non inferiority | Yes | All pathogens | 27 | 781 | 69/NM | RSc | RSd | 7–14 | 51 | 17i |
Kollef | 2016 | Imipenem or meropenem + Nebulized amikacin and fosfomycin | Imipenem or meropenem + placebo | NM | Yes | Only Gram-negative pathogens | 100 | 143 | 100/100 | 62 ± 11 | 18.4 ± 5.9 | 10 | 23 | 20 |