Table 3 Comparison of the AKIKI and ELAIN trials

Study design

Multicenter (31 ICUs in France): randomized, unblinded

Single center (one ICU in Germany): randomized, unblinded

Patient characteristics and number

Predominantly medical patients (79%); n = 620 (from 5528 screened patients (11%))

Predominantly postsurgical patients (97%); n = 231 (from 604 screened patients (38%))

Age at enrollment (years)

66.1^a

67.0^a

SOFA score at enrollment

10.9^a

15.8^a

Septic shock at enrollment (%)

66.7

32.0

Enrollment criteria

ICU patients, ≧18 years old; KDIGO stage 3 AKI; at least one of the following: MV, catecholamine need

ICU patients, 18–90 years old; KDIGO stage 2 AKI; plasma NGAL > 150 ng/ml; at least one of the following: severe sepsis, catecholamine need, nonrenal organ dysfunction, fluid overload

Criteria for RRT in EG

KDIGO stage 3 AKI (within 6 h)

KDIGO stage 2 AKI (within 8 h)

Criteria for RRT in DG

Any of the following: BUN > 112 mg/dl, sK > 6 mEq/L, pH < 7.15, lung edema, oliguria > 72 h

KDIGO stage 3 AKI or any of the following (within 12 h): BUN > 100 mg/dl, sK > 6 mEq/L, sMg > 8 mEq/L, organ edema, U/O < 200 ml/h

SCr at RRT (mg/dl)

3.3 (EG) vs 5.3 (DG)^a

1.9 (EG) vs 2.4 (DG)^a

Time to RRT (h)

2.0 (EG) vs 57.0 (DG)^{b, c}

6.0 (EG) vs 25.5(DG)^{b, d}

Initial modality

55.0% IHD, 45.0% CRRT (modality not available)

100.0% CRRT (CVVHDF)

Receipt of RRT

EG (98.0%) > DG (51.0%) (p < 0.001)

EG (100.0%) > DG (91.0%) (p < 0.001)

Primary endpoint

60-day mortality

EG (48.5%) ≒ DG (49.7%) (p = 0.79)

90-day mortality

EG (39.3%) < DG (54.7%) (p = 0.03) → EG better

Other outcomes

Catheter-related-infection:

EG (10.0%) > DG (5.0%) (p = 0.03) → DG better

Median LOS:

EG (51 days) < DG (82 days) (p < 0.001)

Duration of MV:

EG (126 h) < DG (181 h) (p = 0.002)

→ EG better

Special remarks

60-day mortality:

all EG (48.5%) ≒ DG (49.7%);

DG/RRT(–) (37.1%) < EG (48.5%) < DG/RRT(+) (61.8%)