Table 2 Characteristics of patients, laboratory findings, and treatment for sepsis according to study group
Variables | Unmatched group | Matched group | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All patients (n = 1,723) | non-PMX-HP (n = 1,201) | PMX-HP (n = 522) | SD | P value | All patients (n = 524) | non-PMX-HP (n = 262) | PMX-HP (n = 262) | SD | P value | |
Primary infection site, n (%) | ||||||||||
 Abdomen | 618 (35.9) | 321 (26.7) | 297 (56.9) | 0.642 | <0.001 | 226 (43.1) | 113 (43.1) | 113 (43.1) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
 Lung/thorax | 385 (22.3) | 323 (26.9) | 62 (11.9) | 0.387 | <0.001 | 93 (17.7) | 47 (17.9) | 46 (17.6) | 0.010 | 0.909 |
 Urinary tract | 268 (15.6) | 189 (15.7) | 79 (15.1) | 0.017 | 0.751 | 97 (18.5) | 46 (17.6) | 51 (19.5) | 0.049 | 0.574 |
 Bone/soft tissue | 192 (11.1) | 147 (12.2) | 45 (8.6) | 0.119 | 0.029 | 52 (9.9) | 28 (10.7) | 24 (9.2) | 0.051 | 0.559 |
 Cardiovascular | 31 (1.8) | 27 (2.2) | 4 (0.8) | 0.122 | 0.043 | 7 (1.3) | 3 (1.1) | 4 (1.5) | 0.033 | 0.705 |
 Central nervous system | 26 (1.5) | 25 (2.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0.179 | 0.019 | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.4) | 0.088 | – |
 Catheter-related | 30 (1.7) | 27 (2.2) | 3 (0.6) | 0.142 | 0.024 | 6 (1.1) | 4 (1.5) | 2 (0.8) | 0.072 | 0.421 |
 Others | 34 (2.0) | 27 (2.2) | 7 (1.3) | 0.068 | 0.219 | 8 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) | 5 (1.9) | 0.062 | 0.481 |
 Unknown | 139 (8.1) | 115 (9.6) | 24 (4.6) | 0.195 | 0.001 | 34 (6.5) | 18 (6.9) | 16 (6.1) | 0.031 | 0.723 |
Microorganisms, n (%) | ||||||||||
 Gram-negative bacteria | 656 (38.1) | 429 (35.7) | 227 (43.5) | 0.159 | 0.002 | 230 (43.9) | 113 (43.1) | 117 (44.7) | 0.031 | 0.725 |
 Gram-positive coccus | 402 (23.3) | 311 (25.9) | 91 (17.4) | 0.207 | <0.001 | 105 (20.0) | 50 (19.1) | 55 (21.0) | 0.048 | 0.585 |
 Fungus | 23 (1.3) | 18 (1.5) | 5 (1.0) | 0.049 | 0.373 | 8 (1.5) | 5 (1.9) | 3 (1.1) | 0.062 | 0.481 |
 Mixed infection | 232 (13.5) | 142 (11.8) | 90 (17.2) | 0.154 | 0.003 | 72 (13.7) | 39 (14.9) | 33 (12.6) | 0.067 | 0.447 |
 Others | 29 (1.7) | 20 (1.7) | 9 (1.7) | 0.005 | 0.930 | 9 (1.7) | 3 (1.1) | 6 (2.3) | 0.088 | 0.323 |
 Unknown | 371 (21.5) | 272 (22.6) | 99 (19.0) | 0.091 | 0.088 | 100 (19.1) | 52 (19.8) | 48 (18.3) | 0.039 | 0.657 |
Laboratory tests on admission to the ICU | ||||||||||
 WBC, 109/L | 10.8 (3.6–17.7) | 11.8 (5.0–18.1) | 7.4 (2.2–16.1) | 0.188 | <0.001 | 10.4 (3.4–18.5) | 11.6 (4.6–18.1) | 9.7 (2.7–18.8) | 0.012 | 0.195 |
 Platelet counts, 109/L | 108 (58–174) | 113 (60–186) | 99 (53–154) | 0.189 | <0.001 | 100 (54–164) | 92 (52–162) | 108 (57–167) | 0.100 | 0.126 |
 Hb, g/L | 10.5 (2.5) | 10.6 (2.5) | 10.4 (2.4) | 0.099 | 0.063 | 10.4 (2.5) | 10.3 (2.7) | 10.5 (2.4) | 0.081 | 0.355 |
 PT-INR | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 0.122 | <0.001 | 1.4 (1.3–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.4 (1.3–1.8) | 0.091 | 0.477 |
 PRBC administration, n (%) | 889 (51.6) | 546 (45.5) | 343 (65.7) | 0.416 | <0.001 | 313 (59.7) | 159 (60.7) | 154 (58.8) | 0.039 | 0.656 |
 Surgical intervention, n (%) | 795 (46.1) | 450 (37.5) | 345 (66.1) | 0.598 | <0.001 | 289 (55.2) | 146 (55.7) | 143 (54.6) | 0.023 | 0.792 |
Other therapeutic intervention, n (%) | ||||||||||
 rhsTM | 571 (33.1) | 329 (27.4) | 242 (46.4) | 0.401 | <0.001 | 203 (38.7) | 101 (38.5) | 102 (38.9) | 0.008 | 0.929 |
 AT III concentrate | 653 (37.9) | 353 (29.4) | 300 (57.5) | 0.591 | <0.001 | 241 (46.0) | 121 (46.2) | 120 (45.8) | 0.008 | 0.930 |
 Protease inhibitors | 209 (12.1) | 117 (9.7) | 92 (17.6) | 0.231 | <0.001 | 64 (12.2) | 33 (12.6) | 31 (11.8) | 0.023 | 0.790 |
 Heparinoids | 69 (4.0) | 44 (3.7) | 25 (4.8) | 0.056 | 0.275 | 23 (4.4) | 11 (4.2) | 12 (4.6) | 0.019 | 0.831 |
 IVIG | 619 (35.9) | 360 (30.0) | 259 (49.6) | 0.410 | <0.001 | 224 (42.7) | 117 (44.7) | 107 (40.8) | 0.077 | 0.377 |
 Low-dose steroid | 568 (33.0) | 333 (27.7) | 235 (45.0) | 0.365 | <0.001 | 196 (37.4) | 101 (38.5) | 95 (36.3) | 0.047 | 0.588 |
 RRT | 627 (36.4) | 352 (29.3) | 275 (52.7) | 0.489 | <0.001 | 245 (46.8) | 121 (46.2) | 124 (47.3) | 0.023 | 0.793 |
 Non-renal indication RRT | 189 (11.0) | 45 (3.7) | 144 (27.6) | 0.694 | <0.001 | 53 (10.1) | 26 (9.9) | 27 (10.3) | 0.013 | 0.885 |