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Table 3 Multivariate model for predictors of ICU cost in very elderly patients

From: Cost analysis of the very elderly admitted to intensive care units

Variable

Coefficient (95% CI)

P value

Coefficient (95% CI)

P value

Hospital cohort (n = 1671)

Survivors to discharge (n = 1,086)

Decedents in hospital (n = 585)

 Age (older)

−0.139 (−0.021, −0.007)

0.039

−0.029 (−0.051, −0.007)

0.008

 Sex (female)

−0.092 (−0.207, 0.022)

0.113

−0.034 (−0.289, 0.221)

0.796

 Admission APACHE II score (greater)

0.031 (0.023, 0.039)

0.000

0.001 (−0.012, 0.014)

0.926

 Baseline SOFA score (greater)

−0.005 (−0.028, 0.018)

0.661

−0.084 (−0.114, −0.053)

0.000

 Charlson comorbidity index (greater)

−0.035 (−0.069, −0.000)

0.048

0.024 (−0.019, 0.067)

0.281

 Admission type

  Surgical elective vs. medical

−0.133 (−0.287, 0.021)

0.091

0.193 (−0.191, 0.577)

0.324

  Surgical emergency vs. medical

0.076 (−0.065, 0.218)

0.290

0.091 (−0.169, 0.351)

0.494

 Primary ICU diagnosis

  Respiratory vs. cardiovascular

0.461 (0.294, 0.627)

0.000

0.690 (0.270, 1.111)

0.001

  Gastrointestinal vs. cardiovascular

0.150 (0.004, 0.295)

0.043

0.277 (−0.088, 0.642)

0.137

  Sepsis vs. cardiovascular

0.177 (−0.029, 0.382)

0.092

0.538 (0.238, 0.839)

0.000

  Other vs. cardiovascular

0.174 (0.020, 0.328)

0.027

−0.210 (−0.463, 0.042)

0.103

Longitudinal cohort (n = 610)

Survivors to discharge (n = 452)

Decedents in hospital (n = 158)

 Frailty index >4/7

−0.001 (−0.071, 0.069)

0.977

0.044 (−0.044, 0.132)

0.325

 Residence in a nursing home

−0.321 (−0.633, −0.010)

0.043

0.046 (−0.485, 0.577)

0.864

 Family preference for life-sustaining treatment

  Comfort care vs. life support

−0.253 (−0.433, −0.073)

0.006

−0.402 (−0.650, −0.155)

0.001

  Unsure/unclear/missing vs. life support

−0.429 (−0.635, −0.223)

0.000

−0.393 (−0.814, 0.028)

0.067

 Presence of advance directive

0.122 (−0.050, 0.294)

0.165

0.214 (−0.010, 0.438)

0.061

  1. Generalized linear model using a log function. Cost distribution closely matched gamma distribution (incorporated into model). Regression was performed separately for each cohort, and for both survivors and decedents. See Additional file 2 (Table S1) for the complete regression results for the longitudinal cohort. APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, CI confidence interval, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score