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Table 1 Baseline characteristics overall and stratified by 6-year vital status in community-acquired pneumonia

From: Time-dependent association of glucocorticoids with adverse outcome in community-acquired pneumonia: a 6-year prospective cohort study

  

6-Year vital status

Characteristics

Entire cohort (n = 285)

Survivors (n = 150)

Nonsurvivors (n = 135)

p Value

Demographic characteristics

 Age, years

71 [57–81]

64 [45–75]

79 [70–84]

<0.001

 Male sex

172 (60.4%)

80 (53.3%)

92 (68.1%)

0.011

CAP characteristics

 PSI class

  I

32 (11.2%)

30 (20.0%)

2 (1.5%)

<0.001

  II

55 (19.3%)

44 (29.3%)

11 (8.1%)

<0.001

  III

52 (18.2%)

29 (19.3%)

23 (17.0%)

0.62

  IV

104 (36.5%)

38 (25.3%)

66 (48.9%)

<0.001

  V

42 (14.7%)

9 (6.0%)

33 (24.4%)

<0.001

 CURB-65 score

  0

63 (22.1%)

51 (34.0%)

12 (8.9%)

<0.001

  I

67 (23.5%)

41 (27.3%)

26 (19.3%)

0.11

  II

82 (28.8%)

33 (22.0%)

49 (36.3%)

0.008

  III

57 (20.0%)

21 (14.0%)

36 (26.7%)

0.008

  IV/V

16 (5.6%)

4 (2.7%)

12 (8.9%)

0.023

Comorbiditiesa

 Coronary heart disease

59 (20.7%)

16 (10.7%)

43 (31.9%)

<0.001

 Congestive heart failure

44 (15.4%)

7 (4.7%)

37 (27.4%)

<0.001

 Cerebrovascular insult

28 (9.8%)

9 (6.0%)

19 (14.1%)

0.022

 PAOD

17 (6.0%)

7 (4.7%)

10 (7.4%)

0.33

 Chronic renal failure

67 (23.5%)

19 (12.7%)

48 (35.6%)

<0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

55 (19.3%)

22 (14.7%)

33 (24.4%)

0.037

 Neoplastic disease

38 (13.3%)

12 (8.0%)

26 (19.3%)

0.005

Clinical history

 Fever

185 (65.1%)

113 (75.3%)

72 (53.7%)

<0.001

 Chills

87 (34.0%)

58 (42.0%)

29 (24.6%)

0.003

 Glucocorticoid pretreatment

22 (7.9%)

5 (3.4%)

17 (12.9%)

0.003

Clinical findings

 Confusion

20 (7.9%)

4 (2.9%)

16 (13.7%)

0.002

 Body temperature, °C

38 [37.2–38.8]

38.2 [37.4–39]

37.8 [37–38.8]

0.085

 Breath rate, breaths/minute

20 [16–25]

20 [16–24]

24 [18–28]

0.002

 Heart rate, beats/minute

94 [82–105]

92.5 [83.5–108]

95 [80–104]

0.43

 SBP, mmHg

130 [117–148]

130 [120–148]

130 [110–149]

0.17

 Arterial pH

7.46 [7.42–7.49]

7.46 [7.43–7.50]

7.45 [7.41–7.49]

0.013

 SIRS criteria

188 (66.0%)

93 (62.0%)

95 (70.4%)

0.14

Outcome parameters

 ICU admission

21 (7.4%)

9 (6.0%)

12 (8.9%)

0.35

 Mechanical ventilation

7 (2.5%)

2 (1.3%)

5 (3.7%)

0.20

 Septic shock

6 (2.1%)

1 (0.7%)

5 (3.7%)

0.075

 Length of stay, days

8 [5–12]

7 [4–10]

9 [6–13]

<0.001

Admission laboratory findings

 CRP, mg/L

132 [65–252]

147 [91–265]

111 [55–249]

0.037

 PCT, μg/L

0.48 [0.16–3.20]

0.64 [0.16–3.72]

0.43 [0.16–1.97]

0.37

 Cortisol, nmol/L

402 [203.8–723.2]

431 [189.1–759.2]

399 [213.1–710.3]

0.46

 11-Deoxycortisol, nmol/L

0.6 [0.17–2.23]

0.4 [0.16–2.13]

0.8 [0.18–2.25]

0.49

 Cortisone, nmol/L

32.5 [18.42–46.72]

33.2 [19.28–48.49]

32.4 [17.68–44.41]

0.29

 Corticosterone, nmol/L

8.7 [2.81–25.02]

8.9 [2.73–28.67]

8.4 [3.13–22.95]

0.85

  1. Abbreviations: CAP Community-acquired pneumonia, CRP C-reactive protein, CURB-65 Confusion of new onset, blood urea nitrogen >7 mmol/L, respiratory rate ≥30 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60, and age ≥65 years, PAOD Peripheral arterial occlusive disease, PCT Procalcitonin, PSI Pneumonia severity index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ICU Intensive care unit
  2. Data are presented as median [IQR] or number (percent); p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Bold values indicate statistical significance
  3. aComorbidities were identified on the basis of medical records or patient report
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Critical Care

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