Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients with sepsis according to the presence of acute kidney injury
Characteristics | Patients with data available, n | KDIGO 0 (n = 354) | KDIGO 2–3 (n = 299) | All patients (n = 653) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 653 | 63 (52–73) | 65 (54.5–75) | 63 (53–74) | 0.046 |
Gender (male) | 653 | 234 (66.1%) | 183 (61.2%) | 417 (63.9%) | 0.195 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 651 | 26.0 (23.1–29.2) | 27.3 (24.5–30.8) | 26.5 (23.5–29.6) | 0.001 |
Arterial hypertension | 651 | 164 (46.6%) | 159 (53.2%) | 323 (49.6%) | 0.099 |
Diabetes | 653 | 68 (19.2%) | 82 (27.4%) | 150 (23.0%) | 0.015 |
Arteriosclerosis | 648 | 36 (10.3%) | 42 (14.1%) | 78 (12.0%) | 0.147 |
COPD | 649 | 45 (12.8%) | 19 (6.4%) | 64 (9.9%) | 0.008 |
Chronic liver disease | 647 | 17 (4.9%) | 24 (8.1%) | 41 (6.3%) | 0.106 |
Systolic heart failure | 649 | 39 (11.1%) | 24 (8.1%) | 63 (9.7%) | 0.231 |
Thromboembolus | 649 | 26 (7.4%) | 17 (5.7%) | 43 (6.6%) | 0.432 |
Rheumatic disease | 648 | 26 (7.4%) | 18 (6.1%) | 44 (6.8%) | 0.534 |
Serum creatinine | |||||
Baseline (μmol/L) | 653 | 80.3 (68.0–94.0) | 77.0 (66.5–93.0) | 79.0 (67.0–93.2) | 0.318 |
Maximum (μmol/L) | 604 | 72.0 (55.0–89.0) | 227.0 (166.0–321.0) | 106.5 (68.5–221.5) | <0.001 |
Pre-ICU daily medication | |||||
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 640 | 113 (32.6%) | 115 (39.2%) | 228 (35.6%) | 0.082 |
NSAID | 624 | 33 (9.7%) | 42 (14.7%) | 75 (12.0%) | 0.064 |
Aspirin | 645 | 81 (23.1%) | 73 (24.7%) | 154 (23.9%) | 0.644 |
Diuretic | 643 | 93 (26.8%) | 88 (29.7%) | 181 (28.1) | 0.429 |
Metformin | 647 | 48 (13.7%) | 47 (15.8%) | 95 (14.7%) | 0.504 |
Statin | 644 | 86 (24.6%) | 79 (26.8%) | 165 (25.6%) | 0.587 |
Immunosuppressives | 646 | 29 (8.3%) | 28 (9.5%) | 57 (8.8%) | 0.581 |
Corticosteroids | 649 | 41 (11.6%) | 32 (10.8%) | 73 (11.2%) | 0.803 |
Warfarin | 647 | 39 (11.1%) | 41 (13.8%) | 80 (12.4%) | 0.338 |
Treatments administered 48 h before admission | |||||
Contrast medium | 652 | 83 (23.5%) | 51 (17.1%) | 134 (20.6%) | 0.052 |
Aminoglycoside antibiotics | 653 | 4 (1.1%) | 5 (1.7%) | 9 (1.4%) | 0.739 |
Peptidoglycan antibiotics | 653 | 17 (4.8%) | 11 (3.7%) | 28 (4.3%) | 0.563 |
ACE inhibitor or ARB | 641 | 77 (22.1%) | 72 (24.7%) | 149 (23.2%) | 0.454 |
NSAID | 615 | 52 (15.6%) | 40 (14.2%) | 92 (15.0%) | 0.651 |
Amfoterisin B | 653 | 1 (0.3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 3 (0.5%) | 0.596 |
Diuretics | 637 | 119 (34.6%) | 117 (39.9%) | 236 (37.0%) | 0.188 |
Colloids (gelatin or starch) | 620 | 102 (30.8%) | 117 (40.5%) | 219 (35.3%) | 0.015 |
Albumin | 647 | 4 (1.1%) | 6 (2.0%) | 10 (1.5%) | 0.526 |
Emergency admission | 648 | 343 (98.0%) | 292 (98.0%) | 635 (98.0%) | 1.0 |
Operative admission | 652 | 88 (24.9%) | 66 (22.1%) | 154 (23.6%) | 0.459 |
SAPS II score 24 h without renal and age components | 649 | 24.0 (17.0–30.0) | 26.0 (20.0–37.0) | 25.0 (18.0–33.0) | <0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation | 653 | 234 (66.1%) | 221 (73.9%) | 455 (69.7%) | 0.033 |
White blood cell count, maximum (109/L) | 583 | 11.8 (7.9–16.5) | 12.2 (7.6–17.8) | 11.9 (7.7–17.2) | 0.469 |
Platelet count, minimum (109/L) | 632 | 199.5 (141.0–271.0) | 184.0 (112.0–259.0) | 191.5 (128.5–265.0) | 0.028 |
Source of infection | 653 | <0.001 | |||
Lung | 181 (51.1%) | 100 (33.4%) | 281 (43.0%) | ||
Abdomen | 62 (17.5%) | 78 (26.1%) | 140 (21.4%) | ||
Urinary tract | 10 (2.8%) | 26 (8.7%) | 36 (5.5%) | ||
Skin | 25 (7.1%) | 26 (8.7%) | 51 (7.8%) | ||
Others | 19 (5.4%) | 9 (3.0%) | 28 (4.3%) | ||
Multiple sources | 21 (5.9%) | 16 (5.4%) | 37 (5.7%) | ||
Unknown source of infection | 36 (10.2%) | 44 (14.7%) | 80 (12.3%) | ||