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Table 3 Associations of HDL-C and LDL-C with sepsis rates

From: Cholesterol levels and long-term rates of community-acquired sepsis

 

Include HDL-C + LDL-C in same model

Variable

Unadjusted

Add demographics + health behaviors + chronic medical conditions

Add biomarkers

Add functional status measures

HDL-C and LDL-C quartiles

HDL-C and LDL-C clinical categories

HDL-C and LDL-C SD

HDL-C and LDL-C percent of total cholesterol

HDL-C quartile

 Q1 (5–40 mg/dl)

1.71 (1.48–1.98)

1.22 (1.03–1.44)

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

1.07 (0.90–1.26)

1.08 (0.91–1.28)

   

 Q2 (41–49 mg/dl)

1.37 (1.17–1.60)

1.11 (0.94–1.32)

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

1.05 (0.89–1.23)

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

   

 Q3 (50–61 mg/dl)

1.18 (1.01–1.39)

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

1.04 (0.88–1.22)

1.04 (0.88–1.22)

1.06 (0.90–1.24)

   

 Q4 (62–199 mg/dl)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

<0.001

0.02

0.40

0.46

0.39

   

HDL-C clinical category

 <40 mg/dl

1.69 (1.47–1.95)

1.20 (1.02–1.41)

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

1.05 (0.89–1.23)

 

1.05 (0.89–1.24)

  

 40–59 mg/dl

1.25 (1.10–1.43)

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

1.01 (0.88–1.16)

1.01 (0.88–1.16)

 

1.03 (0.82–1.29)

  

 ≥60 mg/dl

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

  

HDL-C (per SD) (mg/dl)

0.83 (0.79–0.88)

0.96 (0.90–1.02)

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

  

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

 

HDL-C % of total cholesterol (per SD)

0.95 (0.91–1.01)

1.01 (0.96–1.07)

1.06 (1.01–1.13)

1.06 (1.01–1.13)

   

1.01 (0.94–1.09)

LDL-C quartile

 Q1 (3–89 mg/dl)

1.70 (1.47–1.97)

1.29 (1.10–1.52)

1.31 (1.12–1.54)

1.30 (1.11–1.53)

1.31 (1.11–1.54)

   

 Q2 (90–111 mg/dl)

1.42 (1.21–1.66)

1.25 (1.06–1.47)

1.26 (1.07–1.48)

1.25 (1.06–1.48)

1.26 (1.06–1.48)

   

 Q3 (112–135 mg/dl)

1.13 (0.97–1.33)

1.07 (0.91–1.25)

1.08 (0.91–1.26)

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

1.08 (0.91–1.27)

   

 Q4 (136–388 mg/dl)

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   

Trend p value

<0.001

0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

   

LDL-C clinical category

 <130 mg/dl

1.49 (1.23–1.81)

1.23 (1.01–1.51)

1.27 (1.04–1.55)

1.26 (1.03–1.54)

 

1.26 (1.03–1.55)

  

 130–159 mg/dl

1.02 (0.82–1.28)

1.00 (0.80–1.26)

1.03 (0.82–1.29)

1.03 (0.82–1.29)

 

1.03 (0.82–1.29)

  

 ≥160 mg/dl

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 

Reference

  

LDL-C (per SD) (mg/dl)

0.81 (0.76–0.85)

0.90 (0.85–0.96)

0.90 (0.85–0.95)

0.90 (0.85–0.96)

  

0.90 (0.85–0.96)

 

LDL-C % of total cholesterol (per SD)

0.86 (0.81–0.90)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

0.92 (0.87–0.97)

   

0.93 (0.86–0.99)

  1. Data presented as hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). Total of 29,690 REGARDS participants. Hazard ratios estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression and represent pooled estimates from multiple imputation
  2. p values represent tests for linear trends across quartiles
  3. Demographics = age, gender, race, region, income, and education; health behaviors = smoking status and alcohol use; chronic medical conditions = cancer, chronic lung disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, stroke, statin use, and Morisky medication adherence index; biomarkers = hs-CRP, Cystatin C, ACR, and eGFR; functional status measures = weakness, exhaustion, and low physical activity
  4. LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, SD standard deviation, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ACR albumin–creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
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