Table 1 Study characteristics
Author | Method | Patients, n | Age, years | Sex male, n (%) | Time of measurement | Severity score (n) [range] | DNA measurement scorea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonspecific trauma | |||||||
Ren et al. (2013) [37] | Cohort study | 56 | 38 ± 14 | 47 (83.9%) | 1–6 h, 24–36 h, 60–90 h | ISS, minor: 4.8 ± 1.7 (16) ISS, moderate: 11.1 ± 1.9 (19) ISS, severe: 33.7 ± 20.0 (21) | 4 |
Margraf et al. (2008) [15] | Prospective cohort | 37 | 45 ± 21.3 | 24 (64.9%) | ICU admission, 1–10 days | ISS, 31.6 ± 11 [16–50] | 5 |
Lo et al. (2000) [14] | Retrospective study | 84 | ICU admission | ISS, minor/moderate: <16 (47) ISS, major: ≥16 (37) | 3 | ||
Wijeratne et al. (2004) [39] | Cohort study | 96 | 63 (25–85) | 69 (73.4%) | ICU admission | ? | 5 |
Lam et al. (2003) [29] | Observational study | 25 | 38 | 24 (63.2%) | Study 1: ICU admission, every 20 min for 180 min Study 2: ICU admission every day for 28 days | ISS, minor: <9 (4) ISS, moderate: 8–15 (10) ISS, severe:16–24 (7) ISS, very severe: >25 (4) | 3 |
McIlroy et al. (2014) [43] | Prospective cohort and healthy controls | 35 | 38 (29–48) | 25 (71.4%) | Preoperative, immediately postoperative, 7 h postoperative, 24 h postoperative, 3 days postoperative, 5 days postoperative | Median ISS: 14 [9-22] | 4 |
Yamanouchi et al. (2013) [34] | Prospective study | 37 | 56 (35–70) | 26 (70.2%) | ICU admission, days 1–2 and day 4 | AIS >3 SOFA score (day 1) 2 [2-4] APACHE II score (day 1) 11 [6-15] | 2 |
Lam et al. (2004) [36] | Prospective cohort and healthy controls | 38 | NA | NA | ICU admission | ISS <16 (28) ISS >16 (10) | 4 |
Gu et al. (2013) [35] | Prospective cohort and healthy controls | 86 | 45.5 (28.75–57.25) | 61 (70.1%) | ICU admission | SIRS absent ISS 14 [9.75-18.25] (50) SIRS present ISS 22 [18-29] (36) SIRS present APACHE II 11.5 [8-16] SIRS absent APACHE II 9 [6-11] | 4 |
Traumatic brain injury | |||||||
Macher et al. (2012) [30] | Prospective cohort and healthy controls | 65 | 38.18 ± 2.02 | 56 (86%) | ICU admission, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h postoperative | GCS: 7 [3-9] ISS: 36 [9-75] APACHE II: 19 [5-34] | 2 |
Shaked et al. (2014) [31] | Selected patients from a cohort | 28 | 49 (18–91) | 23 (82.1%) | ICU admission | GCS ≥14 (14) GCS ≤13 (14) AIS 0–2 (10) AIS 3–5 (18) | |
Yurgel et al. (2007) [32] | Selected patients from a cohort | 41 | 34 (18–64) | 41 (100%) | Study entry, 24 h later | GCS survivors: 6.5 GCS nonsurvivors: 5 APACHE II survivors: 12.5 APACHE II nonsurvivors: 18.3 | 2 |
Filho et al. (2014) [33] | Prospective cohort and healthy controls | 188 | 34.8 (13.9) | 165 (88%) | ICU admission | GCS survivors: 6.3 GCS nonsurvivors: 5.2 | 4 |
Wang et al. (2014) [16] | Prospective cohort | 88 | 36 (20–53.75) | 55 (62.5%) | ICU admission, 4 days, 7 days | GCS: 15 [13-15] ISS: 16 [11-20] | 4 |