|  | 2016; Roger et al. | 2005; Meyer et al. | 2005; Meyer et al. | 2004; Fiaccadori et al. | 2004; Pea et al. | 2016. Roger et al. | 2012 Carcelero et al. | 2006; Mauro et al. | 2014; Zoller et al. | 2012; Ide et al. | 2003; Kraft et al. | 2015; Villa et al. | 2014; Zoller et al. |
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Prospective RCT | Prospective observational study | Prospective observational study | Prospective observational study | Prospective observational case report | Prospective RCT | Prospective observational case report | Prospective observational case report | Prospective observational study | Abstract | Prospective observational case report | Prospective observational case report | Prospective observational study | ||
Treatment parameters | Number of procedures | 8 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
Treatment | CVVH-post | CVVH-post | CVVH-post | CVVH-pre | CVVH-pre | CVVHDF-post | CVVHDF-pre | CVVHDF-pre | CVVHDF-? | CVVHDF-? | CVVHDF-? | CVVHD | CVVHD | |
Membrane | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HF | HCO PAES | HF | |
PS | PS | PS | PAN | PS | PS | PAN | PAN | PS | PS | PS | PS | |||
1.2Â m2 | 1.2Â m2 | 0.9Â m2 | 1.65Â m2 | 1.25Â m2 | 1.2Â m2 | 0.9Â m2 | 1Â m2 | 1.4Â m2 | ? | 1.6Â m2 | 1.1Â m2 | 1.8Â m2 | ||
Qb (ml/min) | 200 (185–245) | 189 ± 15 | 185 ± 15 | 150 | 125 (120–130) | 200 (165–200) | 165 (150–180) | 200 | 130 (100–150) | 79.3 ± 2.7 | 200 | 150 | 120 (80–150) | |
Qd (L/h) |  |  |  |  |  | 1.14a | 1 (1–1) | 1.2a | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 0.52 ± 0.31 | 2 | 3a (2.9–3.2) | 1.6 (1–2) | |
Qf (L/h) | 1.67a | 2.5 ± 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.25 (2–2.5) | 2 (2–2) | 1.22a | 1.5 (1–2) | 0.2 | 1.5 (1–2) | 0.33 ± 0.15 | 0.75 | - |  | |
QfNET (ml/h) | 0–200 |  |  |  | 115 (80–150) | 0–200 | 100 (50–150) |  | 125 (50–200) |  | 774 | 100 | 100 (50–200) | |
UFNET (L) | 3.6 (0.2–4.3) |  |  |  |  | 1.1 (0.4–1.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
BW | 76 (55–92) | 90 ± 22a | 83 ± 15a | 64 (57–72) | 64.5 (54–75) | 76 (55–92) | 67.5 (55–80) | 125 |  |  | 100 | 86 (83–90) |  | |
Prescribed dose (ml/kg/h) | 30 |  |  | 35 (35–35) | 33.6 (29–39) | 30 | 41.2a (27–56) | 11.2 |  |  | 27.7a | 30 |  | |
Effective time of treatment (min) | 715 (697–751) |  |  | 675 (630–720) |  | 745 (645–733) |  |  | 3990 |  |  |  | 5000 | |
APACHE II |  | 30 ± 5 (24–40) | 26 ± 8 (7–32) | 27 (27–27) |  |  | 27 (26–28) |  | 31.5 (28–35) |  |  |  | 25 (23–28) | |
SOFA at RRT initiation | 12 (10–16) |  |  |  |  | 13 (6–17) | 15 (15–15) |  |  |  |  | 14.3 (13–15) |  | |
Parameters of CRRT removal | SA/SC (%) |  | 77 ± 10 (62–86) | 69 ± 10 (53–91) | 59 (56–61) | 84 (76–92) |  | 78 (74–82) |  |  | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 79 | 74 (66–80) |  |
Qef (L/h) | 1.98a | 2.5 ± 0.6 (1.5–3) | 2.3 ± 0.4 (1.5–3) |  | 2.1 (2.1–2.2) | 2.4a | 2.6a (2.2–3.1) | 1.4a |  |  | 2.8 | 3a (2.9–3.2) |  | |
Qef (ml/kg/h) | 26a | 27.8a (16.3–40) | 27.7a (15–37.5) |  |  | 32.2a |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  | |
XCRRT (mg) |  |  |  | 89.9 (75–105) | 237 (160–314) |  | 218.9 (154–283) | 50.1 |  |  |  | 197.6 (154–266) |  | |
CLCRRT (L/h) |  | 2.3 ± 0.9 (1.3–4.3) | 1.6 ± 0.5 (0.9–2.7) | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | 1.4 (1-2–1.6) |  | 2.1 (1.8–2.3) | 0.9 |  |  | 2.2 | 2.3 (2.1–2.5) |  | |
PK and PD parameters | Cmax (mg/L) | ~19b | 12.4 ± 2.3 (7.6–10.5) | 16.9 ± 3.8 (11.4–21.9) | 19.93 (15.9–23.9) | 28.67 (17.1–40.3) | ~18b | 18.85 (16.5 − 21.2) | 15.3 |  |  | 16.4 | 17.13 (10.4–23.5) |  |
Cmin (mg/L) | ~6b | 1.7 ± 1.2 (0.3–3.7) | 2 ± 1.9 (0.3 − 8) |  | 14.1 (6.5–21.7) | ~4b | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 3.8 | 9.4 (4.2–14.5) |  | 7.2 | 6.2 (2.9–10.3) | 8.5 (3.7–18.7) | |
T1/2 (h) |  | 4.6 ± 1.6 (2.4–7.1) | 4.1 ± 1.8 (2.1 − 8.4) | 4.6 (2.6–6.5) | 15.5 (12.5–-18.5) |  | 6.2 (4.9–7.4) |  |  | 8.78 ± 3.74 | 7.5 | 7.7 (6.1–10.1) |  | |
AUC0-∞ (mg•h/L) | 227.9 ± 115 | 67.6 (34–118) | 85.7 (40–244) |  | 444.6 (219–669) | 227.9 ± 115 | 263.5 (214–312) | 105.8a | 303.9 (165–442) | 247.9 ± 107.8 |  | 208.2 (95–352) | 283.1 (144–453) | |
Vd (L) | 26.5 ± 10.3 | 60.5 ± 8.6 (42.9–70.8) | 46.3 ± 11.1 (29.9–70.7) | 31.4 (25.2–37.6) | 67.9 (91.5–44.3) | 26.5 ± 10.3 | 44 (29.2–58.8) |  |  | 31 ± 3.8 | 49 | 48.9 (39.9–57.9) |  | |
CLtot (L/h) | 4.5 | 10.4 ± 3.9 (5.1–17.6) | 8.7 ± 3.0 (2.5–14.7) |  | 3.6 (1.8–5.5) | 5.9 | 4.5 (3.6–5.3) | 11.3 |  | 294 ± 1.38 | 5.1 | 3.8 (1.7–6.3) |  | |
CLCRRT/CLtot (%) |  | 22.6a | 18.7a |  | 48.89 (28.7–69.1) |  | 48.9a (33.9–63.9) | 7.9a |  |  | 43.1 | 67.1 (39.6–100) |  | |
AUC0-∞/MIC 4 mg/L |  | 33.8a | 42.8a |  | 111.1 (54–167) |  | 65.9a (53–78) | 26.5a |  |  |  | 52.0 (23–88) |  | |
AUC0-∞/MIC 2 mg/L |  | 67.6a | 85.7a |  | 222.3 (109–334) |  | 131.8a (107–156) | 52.9a |  |  |  | 104.1 (47–176) |  | |
AUCfree/MIC 4 mg/L |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35.9 (16–61) |  | |
AUCfree/MIC 2 mg/L |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 71.8 (33–122) |  | |
% T > MIC 4 mg/L |  | 51 ± 19 (26–88) | 61 ± 36 (31–164) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |
% T > MIC 2 mg/L |  | 89 ± 32 (46–137) | 96 ± 50 (48–234) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |