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Table 2 Demographic, injury and clinical characteristics of subjects included in the derivation cohort by coagulopathy status

From: Development and validation of a prehospital prediction model for acute traumatic coagulopathy

 

INR ≤1.5 (n = 1848)

INR >1.5 (n = 115)

P

Age

44.4

(18.3)

47.4

(20.9)

0.13

Male sex

1338

(72.5)

84

(73.0)

0.90

Race

    

0.21

 Black

58

(3.2)

4

(3.5)

 

 White

1491

(82.2)

86

(76.1)

 Other

264

(14.6)

23

(20.4)

Hispanic

185

(10.2)

14

(12.4)

0.50

Minutes from injury to ED arrival

51

(39–70)

49

(34 − 67)

0.14

Mechanism of injury

    

0.005

 Motor vehicle crash

611

(33.1)

31

(27.0)

 

 Motorcycle crash

180

(9.7)

5

(4.3)

 Bicycle crash

82

(4.4)

1

(0.9)

 Pedestrian struck

106

(5.7)

14

(12.2)

 Fall

404

(21.9)

31

(27.0)

 Other

465

(25.2)

33

(28.7)

Injury severity indicators

 Ejection from vehicle

65

(3.5)

4

(3.5)

1.0

 Extrication

129

(7.0)

9

(7.8)

0.73

 Rollover motor vehicle crash

150

(8.1)

9

(7.8)

0.91

First measured pre-hospital vital signs

 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

131

(27)

119

(29)

<0.001

 Heart rate

94

(22)

94

(30)

0.87

 Respiratory rate

20

(5.2)

21

(6.8)

0.33

First recorded non-intubated GCS

15

(13–15)

14

(9 − 15)

<0.001

Pre-hospital interventions

 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

25

(1.4)

16

(13.9)

<0.001

 Chest decompression

24

(1.3)

5

(4.4)

0.024

 Intubation

273

(14.8)

44

(38.3)

<0.001

Initial ED temperature (°C)

36.4

(0.97)

35.5

(2.12)

<0.001

Injury severity score

16.8

(11.7)

25.7

(1.3)

<0.001

Death before discharge

122

(6.6)

53

(46.1)

<0.001

Hospital length of stay (days)

6

(2–12)

6

(1 − 19)

0.38

  1. Values reported as median (SD), number (%) or median (IQR). ED emergency department, GCS Glasgow Coma Score, INR international normalized ratio