From: Development and validation of a prehospital prediction model for acute traumatic coagulopathy
 | INR ≤1.5 (n = 1848) | INR >1.5 (n = 115) | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 44.4 | (18.3) | 47.4 | (20.9) | 0.13 |
Male sex | 1338 | (72.5) | 84 | (73.0) | 0.90 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.21 |
 Black | 58 | (3.2) | 4 | (3.5) |  |
 White | 1491 | (82.2) | 86 | (76.1) | |
 Other | 264 | (14.6) | 23 | (20.4) | |
Hispanic | 185 | (10.2) | 14 | (12.4) | 0.50 |
Minutes from injury to ED arrival | 51 | (39–70) | 49 | (34 − 67) | 0.14 |
Mechanism of injury | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 Motor vehicle crash | 611 | (33.1) | 31 | (27.0) |  |
 Motorcycle crash | 180 | (9.7) | 5 | (4.3) | |
 Bicycle crash | 82 | (4.4) | 1 | (0.9) | |
 Pedestrian struck | 106 | (5.7) | 14 | (12.2) | |
 Fall | 404 | (21.9) | 31 | (27.0) | |
 Other | 465 | (25.2) | 33 | (28.7) | |
Injury severity indicators | |||||
 Ejection from vehicle | 65 | (3.5) | 4 | (3.5) | 1.0 |
 Extrication | 129 | (7.0) | 9 | (7.8) | 0.73 |
 Rollover motor vehicle crash | 150 | (8.1) | 9 | (7.8) | 0.91 |
First measured pre-hospital vital signs | |||||
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 | (27) | 119 | (29) | <0.001 |
 Heart rate | 94 | (22) | 94 | (30) | 0.87 |
 Respiratory rate | 20 | (5.2) | 21 | (6.8) | 0.33 |
First recorded non-intubated GCS | 15 | (13–15) | 14 | (9 − 15) | <0.001 |
Pre-hospital interventions | |||||
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 25 | (1.4) | 16 | (13.9) | <0.001 |
 Chest decompression | 24 | (1.3) | 5 | (4.4) | 0.024 |
 Intubation | 273 | (14.8) | 44 | (38.3) | <0.001 |
Initial ED temperature (°C) | 36.4 | (0.97) | 35.5 | (2.12) | <0.001 |
Injury severity score | 16.8 | (11.7) | 25.7 | (1.3) | <0.001 |
Death before discharge | 122 | (6.6) | 53 | (46.1) | <0.001 |
Hospital length of stay (days) | 6 | (2–12) | 6 | (1 − 19) | 0.38 |