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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Resting energy expenditure, calorie and protein consumption in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study

Variable

Overall

Survived

Died within 60 days

P value

Number

1171

846

325

 

Age, years, median (IQR)

60.52 (28.9)

55.95 (30.82)

68.06 (19.66)

<0.001

Male gender, n (%)

747 (63.8)

471 (62.1)

276 (67.0)

0.106

Year of inclusion, median (IQR)

2010 (5)

2010 (5)

2010 (5)

0.01

Weight, kg, median (IQR)

80 (20)

80 (20)

80 (23.5)

0.9

Height, m, mean (sd)

1.70 (0.09)

1.70 (0.10)

1.69 (0.09)

0.027

BMI, kg/m2, mean (sd)

28.01 (7.82)

27.96 (7.28)

28.14 (9.08)

0.75

Metabolic

 Daily protein intake, g, mean (sd)

67.79 (21.93)

69.54 (22.09)

64.58 (21.28)

<0.001

 Percent of requirement, mean (sd)

89.69 (32)

86.92 (32.76)

91.2 (31.62)

0.03

 REE, mean (sd)

1944.10 (495.15)

1999.25 (485.37)

1842.50 (497.48)

<0.001

 Harris-Benedict REE, mean (sd)

2304.50 (468.52)

2339.65 (443.56)

2239.73 (505.50)

<0.001

 25 kcal/kg REE, mean (sd)

2019.42 (542.10)

2017.94 (507.44)

2022.13 (601.38)

0.9

 Total daily calories received, kcal, mean (sd)

1651.08 (476.52)

1689.08 (478.68)

1581.07 (465.02)

<0.001

 Daily enteral calories, kcal, mean (sd)

1287.43 (624.36)

1369.94 (608.32)

1135.41 (625.69)

<0.001

 Daily parenteral calories, kcal, mean (sd)

363.65 (542.54)

319.14 (507.43)

445.66 (593.86)

<0.001

 Parenteral calories >70 % of total, n (%)

134 (11.4)

65 (7,7)

69 (21.2)

<0.001

 Administered calories/REE percent, mean (sd)

89 (30)

88 (28)

91 (33)

0.115

 Daily insulin therapy, units, mean (sd)

44.36 (11.33)

44.46 (11.58)

44.16 (10.89)

0.679

Admission category

 Surgical, n (%)

499 (42.6)

363 (42.9)

136 (33.0)

<0.001

 Trauma patient, n (%)

258 (22.0)

209 (27.5)

49 (11.9)

<0.001

 Medical, n (%)

672 (57.4)

483 (57.1)

189 (58.1)

0.93

 Sepsis, n (%)

267 (22.8)

152 (20.0)

115 (27.9)

0.003

 Respiratory, n (%)

285 (24.3)

179 (23.6)

106 (25.7)

0.456

 Cardiac, n (%)

242 (20.7)

121 (15.9)

121 (29.4)

<0.001

Severity

 APACHE IIa, median (IQR)

22 (10)

20 (9)

26 (9.75)

<0.001

 SOFA score, median (IQR)

8 (5)

7 (5)

9 (6)

<0.001

 Vasopressors used, n (%)

904 (77.2)

534 (70.4)

370 (89.8)

<0.001

 Vasopressor days, median (IQR)

4 (6)

4 (4)

6 (7)

 

Gastrointestinal

 Diarrhea, n (%)

598 (51.1)

412 (54.3)

186 (45.1)

0.003

 Diarrhea occurrences, median (IQR)

7 (13)

7 (14)

6 (12)

0.01

 Constipation, n (%)

792 (67.6)

531 (70.0)

261 (63.3)

0.025

 Constipation days, mean (sd)

6 (4)

7 (3)

6 (4)

 

 Large GRV or vomiting, n (%)

433 (37.0)

300 (39.5)

133 (32.3)

0.017

 Large GRV or vomiting occurrences (median (IQR))

3(6)

3(6)

3 (7)

0.72

Laboratory data

 White blood cells, 109/L, mean (sd)

12.05 (6.48)

12.19 (6.19)

11.79 (6.97)

0.316

 Neutrophil count, 109/L, mean (sd)

10.62 (6.04)

10.74 (5.82)

10.40 (6.42)

0.36

 Platelets, 109/L, median (IQR)

176 (119)

178 (111)

169.50 (134)

0.29

 Fibrinogen, g/L, median (IQR)

484 (372)

442 (360.5)

543 (350.75)

<0.001

 INR, median (IQR)

1.27 (0.39)

1.24 (0.35)

1.32 (0.49)

<0.001

 Albumin, g/dl, mean (sd)

2.59 (0.79)

2.66 (0.81)

2.46 (0.73)

<0.001

 Total bilirubin, mg/dl, median (IQR)

0.70 (0.75)

0.67 (0.67)

0.74 (0.96)

<0.001

 CRP, mg/dl, median (IQR)

11.05 (17.35)

10.87 (17.57)

11.31 (16.83)

0.41

 Creatinine, mg/dl, median (IQR)

0.95 (0.86)

0.84 (0.61)

1.25 (1.3)

<0.001

  1. aAvailable only for 52 % of patients. n number of patients, BMI body mass index, REE resting energy expenditure, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, GRV gastric residual volume, INR international normalized ratio, CRP C-reactive protein