Table 2 Reported outcomes of included randomized clinical trials evaluating intravenous selenium supplementation in critically ill patients

Kuklinski 1991 [38]

ICU 0/8 (0)

ICU 8/9 ( 89)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Zimmerman 1997 [39]

3/20 (15)

8/20 (40)

NR

NR

NR

NR

Berger 1998 [40]

1/10 (10)

0/10 (0)

1.9 ± 0.9 (1–4)

3.1 ± 1.1 (2–5)

ICU

ICU

per patient

per patient

30 ± 12 (10)

39 ± 13 (10)

Hospital

Hospital

54 ± 27 (10)

66 ± 31 (10)

Angstwurm 1999 [41]

Hospital

Hospital

NR

NR

NR

NR

7/21 (33)

11/21 (52)

Porter 1999 [42]

0/9 (0)

0/9 (0)

5/9 (56)

8/9 (89)

ICU

ICU

22 ± 25.2

35.8 ± 21.9

Hospital

Hospital

31.3 ± 23.4

49 ± 30

Berger 2001 [43]

(a) Selenium alone

1/11 (9)

(a) Selenium alone

5/11 (42)

(a)

ICU

2/9 (22)

5/9 (56)

ICU

8.6 ± 8.1 (12)

(b) Selenium + zinc + α-tocopherol

(b) Selenium + zinc + α-tocopherol

8.0 ± 4.0 (9)

Hospital

Hospital

64 ± 39 (12)

0/11 (0)

3/11 (27)

82 ± 78 (9)

(b)

ICU

5.8 ± 4.4 (11)

Hospital

60 ± 48 (11)

Linder 2004 [44]

Not specified

Not specified

NA

NA

Hospital

Hospital

5/32 (15.6)

3/35 (8.6)

24 (9–44)

26 (11–46)

Angstwurm 2007 [45]

28-day

28-day

New infections (HAP)

New infections (HAP)

ICU

ICU

46/116 (40)

61/122 (50)

10/116 (9)

10/122 (8)

15.1 ± 10 (116)

12.7 ± 9 (122)

Berger 2007 [46]

1/11 (9)

1/10 (10)

2.1 ± 1.0

3.6 ± 1.3

ICU

ICU

per patient

per patient

35 ± 27 (11)

47 ± 37 (10)

Forceville 2007 [47]

28-day

28-day

Superinfection

Superinfection

ICU

ICU

14/31 (45)

13/29 (45)

1/31 (3)

2/29 (7)

21 (7–40)

18 (10–31)

6-month

6-month

Hospital

Hospital

18/31 (59)

20/29 (68)

25 (7–68)

33 (11–51)

1-year

1-year

66 %

71 %

Mishra 2007 [48]

ICU 8/18 (44)

ICU 11/22 (61)

1.5 ± 1.9

1.8 ± 1.6

ICU

ICU

Hospital

Hospital

per patient

per patient

21.3 ± 16.2 (18)

20.8 ± 21.8 (18)

11/18 (61)

15/22 (68)

28-day

28-day

8/18 (44)

11/22 (50)

Berger 2008 [49]

ICU

ICU

36/102 (35)

34/98 (35)

ICU

ICU

8/102 (8)

5/98 (5)

5.8 ± 5.4 (102)

5.4 ± 5.7 (98)

Hospital

Hospital

Hospital

Hospital

14/102 (14)

9/98 (11)

23 ± 20 (102)

26 ± 20 (98)

3-month

3-month

14/102 (14)

11/98 (11)

El-Attar 2009 [50]

ICU

ICU

VAP

VAP

NR

NR

2/40 (5.6)

1/40 (2.9)

5/36 (14)

7/34 (21)

Montoya 2009 [51]

Hospital

Hospital

NR

NR

Hospital

Hospital

6/34 (18)

8/34 (24)

12 (12–14)

17 (14–20)

Andrews 2011 [52]

ICU

ICU

Confirmed

Confirmed

ICU

ICU

84/251 (33)

84/251 (33)

104/251 (41)

121/251 (48)

13.2 (IQR 7.8–23.7)

15.1 (IQR 8.3–28.4)

6-month

6-month

Hospital

Hospital

107/251 (43)

114/251 (45)

29.8 (IQR 14.7–52.4)

31.2 (IQR 15.1–57.8)

Manzanares 2011 [53]

ICU

ICU

VAP

VAP

ICU

ICU

3/15 (20)

5/16 (31)

3/15 (20)

7/16 (44)

14 ± 11 (15)

13 ± 6 (16)

Hospital

Hospital

5/15 (33)

7/16 (44)

Valenta 2011 [54]

28-day

28-day

NR

NR

NR

NR

19/75 (25)

24/75 (32)

Heyland 2013 [16]

Hospital

Hospital

All

All

ICU

ICU

216/617 (35)

199/601 (33)

168/617 (27)

181/601 (30)

14.2 ± 22.7 (617)

13.8 ± 23.1 (601)

14-day

14-day

VAP

VAP

Hospital

Hospital

154/617 (25)

132/601 (22)

71/617 (12)

95/601 (16)

31.2 ± 50.2 (617)

29.5 ± 44.8 (601)

28-day

28-day

190/617 (31)

173/601 (29)

3-month

3-month

239

222

6-month

6-month

250

235

Woth 2014 [14]

In 14-day study period

In 14-day study period

Gram-negative

Gram-negative

NR

NR

9/21 (43)

11/19 (58)

8/21 (38)

3/19 (16)

Gram-positive

Gram-positive

3/21 (14)

2/19 (11)

Fungal

Fungal

1/21 (5)

0/19 (0)

Bloos 2016 [17]

28-day

28-day

Secondary infections, day 14

Secondary infections, day 14

ICU

ICU

152/543 (28)

137/546 (25)

11 (5–22)

12 (6–24)

90-day

90-day

243/543 (44.7 %)

269/546 (49.3 %)

Hospital

Hospital

198/543 (38)

201/546 (38)

Secondary infections, day 21

Secondary infections, day 21

26 (16–42)

29 (17–50)

319/543 (58.8 %)

323/546 (59.2 %)

Chelkeba 2015 [15]

28-day

28-day

VAP

VAP

ICU

ICU

9/29 (31)

10/25 (40)

16/26 (61.5)

21/25 (84)

19.7 ± 11 (26)

23.8 ± 13 (25)

Hospital

Hospital

25.2 ± 10 (26)

24.5 ± 9 (25)