Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, according to ICU survival and neurological outcome at hospital discharge
All patients (n = 469) | Survivors (n = 247) | Non-survivors (n = 210) | Favorable neurological outcome (n = 97) | Unfavorable neurological outcome (n = 357) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66 (52–77) | 65 (52–75) | 68 (52–78) | 67 (53–75) | 66 (52–77) |
Male, n (%) | 282 (61) | 149 (61) | 126 (61) | 60 (62) | 222 (60) |
Weight, kg | 75 (65–87) | 75 (66–90) | 71 (61–83) | 75 (65–90) | 74 (65–85) |
OHCA, n (%) | 250 (53) | 120 (49) | 124 (59) | 34 (35) | 216 (58) |
IHCA, n (%) | 219 (47) | 127 (51) | 86 (41) | 63 (65) | 156 (42) |
No co-morbidities, n (%) | 209 (44) | 101 (41) | 108 (51) | 49 (51) | 163 (44) |
COPD/asthma, n (%) | 65 (14) | 39 (16) | 26 (12) | 17 (17) | 51 (14) |
Heart failure, n (%) | 72 (15) | 30 (12) | 42 (20) | 10 (10) | 62 (17) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 45 (10) | 20 (8) | 25 (12) | 12 (12) | 33 (9) |
Cancer, n (%) | 38 (8) | 18 (7) | 20 (10) | 10 (10) | 28 (8) |
Chemotherapy, n (%) | 9 (2) | 4 (2) | 5 (2) | 1 (1) | 8 (2) |
Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 14 (3) | 1 (1) | 13 (6) | 1 (1) | 13 (3) |
Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 50 (11) | 21 (9) | 29 (14) | 10 (10) | 40 (11) |
HIV, n (%) | 1 (0) | – | 1 (1) | – | 1 (1) |
Corticosteroids, n (%) | 14 (3) | 6 (2) | 8 (4) | 1 (1) | 13 (3) |
Medical admission, n (%) | 373 (83) | 189 (91) | 184 (89) | 70 (74) | 303 (84) |
SAPS II score on admission | 60 (46–75) | 53 (39–64) | 71 (57–81)* | 38 (29–49) | 65(54–79)* |
SOFA score on admission | 10 (7–13) | 8 (6–11) | 12 (9–14)* | 6 (3–8) | 11(8–13)* |
Infections | |||||
Infection on admission, n (%) | 112 (24) | 60 (24) | 52 (25) | 20 (21) | 92 (25) |
Infection any time, n (%) | 200 (43) | 120 (49) | 80 (38) | 41 (41) | 159 (43) |
Septic shock on admission, n (%) | 75 (16) | 40 (16) | 35 (17) | 11 (11) | 64 (17) |
Septic shock any time, n (%) | 133 (28) | 74 (30) | 59 (28) | 20 (21) | 113 (30) |
Vasopressors on admission, n (%) | 262 (57) | 124 (50) | 138 (66)* | 42 (43) | 220 (62)* |
Mechanical ventilation on admission, n (%) | 408 (87) | 205 (83) | 203 (97) | 67 (69) | 341 (92)* |
Mechanical ventilation any time, n (%) | 425 (91) | 211 (85) | 204 (97) | 71 (73) | 354 (95)* |
Hemodialysis/CRRT on admission, n (%) | 38 (8) | 19 (8) | 19 (9) | 4 (4) | 34 (9) |
Hemodialysis/CRRT any time, n (%) | 103 (23) | 59 (24) | 44 (21) | 17 (17) | 86 (23) |
MAP maximum on first day, mmHg | 99 (87–112) | 100 (89–113) | 97 (85–111) | 100 (88–113) | 98 (87–112) |
MAP minimum on first day, mmHg | 61 (50–70) | 63 (55–71) | 56 (45–68) | 63 (55–79) | 60 (49–70)* |
pH maximum on first day, mmHg | 7.40 (7.30–7.45) | 7.41 (7.35–7.46) | 7.37 (7.23–7.44)* | 7.42 (7.36–7.47) | 7.39 (7.28–7.45)* |
pH minimum on first day, mmHg | 7.25 (7.11–7.35) | 7.29 (7.19–7.36) | 7.18 (7.05–7.29)* | 7.32 (7.23–7.38) | 7.23 (7.10–7.33)* |
PaCO2 maximum on first day, mmHg | 45 (37–57) | 44 (36–55) | 46 (37–60) | 45 (37–53) | 45 (36–60) |
PaCO2 minimum on first day, mmHg | 34 (28–40) | 34 (28–40) | 33 (27–39) | 35 (29–40) | 33 (28–40) |
PaO2 maximum on first day, mmHg | 144 (98–229) | 135 (94–197) | 149 (101–265) | 141 (95–190) | 145 (99–234) |
PaO2 minimum on first day, mmHg | 77 (61–98) | 77 (64–94) | 75 (57–105) | 78 (66–90) | 76 (60–100) |
PaO2/FiO2 maximum on first day | 232 (144–344) | 232 (151–337) | 233 (132–361) | 270 (161–374) | 227 (143–343)* |
PaO2/FiO2 minimum on first day | 195 (132–288) | 200 (149–294) | 186 (120–285)* | 218 (165–300) | 192 (124–285)* |
Lactate maximum on first day, mmol/L | 3.6 (2.0–7.6) | 2.6 (1.5–5.5) | 5.8 (2.5–10.5)* | 2.1 (1.2–5.5) | 4.30 (2.3–8)* |
ICU stay, days | 4 (2–8) | 5 (3–10) | 3 (1–6)* | 4 (2–6) | 4 (1–8) |
Hospital stay, days | 8 (2–20) | 17 (8–31) | 3 (1–6)* | 15 (8–22) | 5 (2–16)* |
Limitation of care, n (%) | 170 (36) | 40 (16) | 126 (61)* | 11 (11) | 159 (44)* |
ICU mortality, n (%) | 210 (45) | – | 210 (100)* | – | 210 (59) |
Hospital mortality, n (%) | 247 (54) | 37 (15) | 210 (100)* | 11 (11) | 236 (67)* |