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Table 2 Patients diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus: differences between survivors and patients who died, and independent factors related to mortality

From: Delay in diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in critically ill patients and impact on clinical outcome

Variable

Survivors

Patients who died

P value

Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval)

P value

Total patients

1528

395

   

Age (years), mean (SD)

48.32 (15.24)

53.08 (15.51)

0.001

Sex

 Men

865 (56.6)

255 (64.6)

0.004

  

 Women

662 (43.4)

140 (35.4)

Seasonal period

 2009–2012

941 (80.7)

225 (19.3)

0.053

  

 2013–2015

587 (77.5)

170 (22.5)

Influenza vaccine

65 (4.3)

26 (6.6)

0.137

  

Comorbid conditions

 Asthma

113 (11.6)

18 (6.6)

0.019

  

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

291 (19.0)

73 (18.5)

0.824

 Heart failure

140 (9.2))

53 (13.4)

0.011

 Chronic renal failure

82 (5.4)

53 (13.4)

0.001

 Hematological disease

65 (4.3)

52 (13.2)

0.001

1.98 (1.23–3.19)

0.001

 Obesity

523 (34.2)

139 (35.2)

0.683

  

 Diabetes mellitus

212 (13.9)

65 (16.5)

0.183

 Human immunodeficiency virus infection

26 (1.7)

17 (4.3)

0.002

 Neuromuscular disease

44 (2.9)

11 (2.8)

0.929

 Autoimmune disease

45 (2.9)

20 (5.1)

0.036

 Immunosuppression

99 (6.5)

89 (22.5)

0.001

 Pregnancy

64(4.2)

11 (2.8)

0.203

APACHE II score, mean (SD)

14 (6)

21 (8)

0.001

1.09 (1.07–1.11)

0.001

SOFA score, mean (SD)

5 (3)

8 (4)

0.001

  

Presenting clinical manifestations

 Primary viral pneumonia

1273 (83.3)

342 (86.6)

0.105

  

 Coinfection (bacterial pneumonia)

229 (15.0)

96 (24.3)

0.001

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation

527 (34.75

141 (35.7)

0.330

Mechanical ventilation

812 (53.1)

366 (92.7)

0.001

4.84 (2.73–8.56)

0.001

Vasoactive drugs

664 (43.5)

307 (77.7)

0.001

  

Decubitus prono

206 (13.05

133 (33.7)

0.001

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration

67 (4.4)

116 (29.4)

0.001

4.81 (3.31–7.01)

0.001

Corticoids

500 (32.7)

196 (49.6)

0,001

  

Days until ICU admission, median (IQR)

1 (1–2)

1 (1–3)

0.001

1.05 (0.99–1.11)

0.117

Length of ICU stay (days), median (IQR)

8 (4–18)

9 (4–18)

0.660

  

Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR)

16 (10–30)

11 (5–21)

0.001

Days until oseltamivir therapy, median (IQR)

4 (2–6)

5 (3–6)

0.054

Time of diagnosis

 Early (≤2 days)

1035 (67.7)

214 (54.2)

0.001

1.36 (1.03–1.81)

0.001

 Late (3–7 days)

493 (32.3)

181 (45.8)

  1. Data expressed as frequencies (percentages) unless otherwise stated
  2. APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, IQR interquartile range (25th–75th percentile), SD standard deviation, SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment