Variable | Early diagnosis (≤2 days) | Late diagnosis (3–7 days) | P value | Odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total patients | 1314 | 745 | |||
Age (years), mean (SD) | 48.43 (15.6) | 51.23 (15.0) | 0.001 | 1.02 (1.01–1.03) | 0.001 |
Sex | |||||
Men | 744 (56.6) | 458 (61.4) | 0.032 | ||
Women | 570 (43.4) | 287 (38.5) | |||
Seasonal period | |||||
2009–2012 | 732 (59.45 | 499 (40.5) | 0.001 | 2.08 (1.64–2.63) | 0.001 |
2013–2015 | 582 (70.3) | 246 (29.7) | |||
Influenza vaccine | 60 (4.6) | 44 (5.9) | 0.169 | ||
Comorbid conditions | |||||
Asthma | 148 (11.3) | 72 (9.7) | 0.262 | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 235 (17.9) | 159 (21.4) | 0.054 | ||
Heart failure | 122 (9.3) | 84 (11.3) | 0.146 | ||
Chronic renal failure | 81 (6.2) | 69 (9.2) | 0.013 | ||
Hematological disease | 66 (5.0) | 64 (8.6) | 0.001 | ||
Obesity | 459 (34.9) | 269 (36.1) | 0.574 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 189 (14.4) | 116 (15.6) | 0.432 | ||
Human immunodeficiency virus infection | 32 (2.4) | 15 (2.0) | 0.540 | ||
Neuromuscular disease | 39 (3.0) | 16 (2.2) | 0.269 | ||
Autoimmune disease | 41 (3.1) | 28 (3.8) | 0.381 | ||
Immunosuppression | 105 (8.0) | 102 (13.7) | 0.001 | ||
Pregnancy | 53 (4.0) | 29 (3.9) | 0.879 | ||
APACHE II score, mean (SD) | 15 (7) | 16 (8) | 0.001 | ||
SOFA score, mean (SD) | 6 (3) | 6 (4) | 0.001 | ||
Presenting clinical manifestations | |||||
Primary viral pneumonia | 1129 (85.9) | 603 (81.0) | 0.004 | ||
Coinfection (bacterial pneumonia) | 219 (16.7) | 133 (17.9) | 0.458 | ||
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 482 (36.67 | 314 (42.2) | 0.022 | ||
Mechanical ventilation | 864 (65.0) | 569 (76.4) | 0.001 | 1.58 (1.17–2.13) | 0.002 |
Days on mechanical ventilation, median (IQR) | 8 (2–15) | 9 (4–20) | 0.001 | ||
Vasoactive drugs | 639 (48.6) | 425 (57.0) | 0.001 | ||
Decubitus prono | 233 (17.7) | 143 (19.52 | 0.382 | ||
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration | 103 (7.8) | 95 (12.8) | 0.001 | 1.54 (1.08–2.18) | 0.016 |
Corticoids | 527 (40.1) | 335 (45.0) | 0.043 | ||
Days on corticoids, median (IQR) | 7 (4–10) | 7 (5–12) | 0.071 | ||
Days until ICU admission, median (IQR) | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–3) | 0.001 | 1.26 (1.17–1.35) | 0.001 |
Length of ICU stay (days), median (IQR) | 8 (4–17) | 10 (5–20) | 0.001 | ||
Length of hospital stay (days), median (IQR) | 14 (8–25) | 18 (10–30) | 0.001 | ||
Days until oseltamivir therapy, median (IQR) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) | 0.001 | ||
Mortality rate | 225 (17.1) | 200 (26.9) | 0.001 |