Table 3 Causative pathogens in all unmatched and matched patients with pneumonia stratified according to HIV status
Unmatched patients | Matched patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV-positive (n = 30) | HIV-negative (n = 1078) | P | HIV-negative (n = 90) | P | |
Gram-positive bacteria (%) | 8 (26.7) | 216 (20) | 0.52 | 18 (20.0) | 0.44 |
Streptococcus pneumoniae (%) | 4 (13.3) | 71 (6.6) | 0.27 | 5 (5.6) | 0.22 |
Streptococcus species (%) | 0 | 19 (1.8) | 0.67 | 3 (3.3) | 0.56 |
Staphylococcus aureus (%) | 4 (13.3) | 99 (9.2) | 0.52 | 6 (6.7) | 0.27 |
Other Gram-positive bacteria (%) | 0 | 27 (2.5) | 0.62 | 4 (4.4) | 0.58 |
Gram-negative bacteria (%) | 3 (10.0) | 349 (32.4) | 0.0075 | 36 (40.0) | 0.011 |
Haemophilus influenzae (%) | 0 | 70 (6.5) | 0.26 | 9 (10) | 0.11 |
Escherichia coli (%) | 1 (3.3) | 65 (6) | 0.71 | 5 (5.6) | 1 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (%) | 0 | 64 (5.9) | 0.25 | 6 (6.7) | 0.33 |
Klebsiella pneumoniae (%) | 1 (3.3) | 29 (2.7) | 1 | 3 (3.3) | 1 |
Enterobacter cloacae (%) | 0 | 25 (2.3) | 0.63 | 1 (1.1) | 1 |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (%) | 1 (3.3) | 11 (1) | 0.28 | 1 (1.1) | 0.44 |
Other Gram-negative bacteria (%) | 0 | 85 (7.9) | 0.18 | 11 (12.2) | 0.06 |
Yeast/fungi (%) | 6 (20.0) | 84 (7.8) | 0.036 | 18 (20.0) | 1 |
Aspergillus species (%) | 1 (3.3) | 40 (3.7) | 1 | 9 (10) | 0.44 |
Pneumocystis jirovecii (%) | 4 (13.3) | 15 (1.4) | 0.004 | 5 (5.6) | 0.22 |
Other yeasts or fungi (%) | 1 (3.3) | 29 (2.7) | 1 | 4 (4.4) | 1 |
Viruses (%) | 3 (10.0) | 70 (6.5) | 0.72 | 10 (11.1) | 1 |
Influenza (%) | 0 | 38 (3.5) | 0.41 | 8 (8.9) | 0.19 |
Cytomegalovirus (%) | 2 (6.7) | 5 (0.5) | 0.019 | 0 | 0.049 |
Other viruses (%) | 1 (3.3) | 27 (2.5) | 1 | 2 (2.2) | 1 |
Atypical mycobacteria (%) | 1 (3.3) a | 1 (0.1) b | 0.053 | 0 | 0.24 |
Unknown (%) | 15 (50) | 500 (46.4) | 1 | 30 (33.3) | 0.10 |