Table 1 Patient demographics
Parameter | Category | Data | Missing, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | Median (IQR) | 52 (34–62) |  |
Gender | Male/female, n (%) | 332/85 (80/20) | Â |
Scene of accident | |||
 Multitrauma | n (%) | 131 (31) | 2 (0.5) |
 Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <90 %) | n (%) | 47 (11) | 115 (28) |
 Hypotension (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg) | n (%) | 11 (3) | 118 (28) |
Admission | |||
 Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) | GCS 3–8, n (%) | 274 (66) |  |
GCS 9–13, n (%) | 105 (25) |  | |
GCS 14–15, n (%) | 38 (9) |  | |
 Pupil unresponsiveness, | Out of total, n (%) | 93 (22) | 13 (3) |
Unilateral unresponsiveness, n (%) | 53 (13) | Â | |
Bilateral unresponsiveness, n (%) | 40 (10) | Â | |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | Median (IQR) | 136 (121–147) | 19 (5) |
 Glucose (mmol/L) | Median (IQR) | 8.0 (7.0–9.8) | 99 (24) |
 Time from trauma to sampling (hh:mm) | Median (IQR) | 01:05 (00:45–03:39) |  |
 Head Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) | 2, n (%) | 1 (0.2) | 77 (18) |
3, n (%) | 40 (10) | Â | |
4, n (%) | 119 (29) | Â | |
5, n (%) | 177 (42) | Â | |
6, n (%) | 3 (1) | Â | |
Radiology | |||
 Marshall CT Classification | I (Diffuse injury), n (%) | 1 (0.2) |  |
II (Diffuse injury), n (%) | 110 (26) | Â | |
III (Diffuse injury), n (%) | 34 (8) | Â | |
IV (Diffuse injury), n (%) | 1 (0.2) | Â | |
VI (Focal injury), n (%) | 271 (65) | Â | |
 Rotterdam CT Score | 1, n (%) | 10 (2) |  |
2, n (%) | 39 (9) | Â | |
3, n (%) | 155 (37) | Â | |
4, n (%) | 116 (28) | Â | |
5, n (%) | 80 (19) | Â | |
6, n (%) | 17 (4) | Â | |
 Stockholm Score | Median (IQR) | 2.5 (2.0–3.5) |  |
 Time from trauma to examination (hh:mm) | Median (IQR) | 01:32 (01:09–02:23) |  |
Biomarkers | |||
 Time from trauma to admission sample (hh:mm) | Median (IQR) | 07:14 (02:40–13:27) |  |
 S100B (μg/L), admission | Median (IQR) | 0.57 (0.26–1.4) |  |
 Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (μg/L), admission | Median (IQR) | 21 (15–31) |  |
 Time from trauma to second sample (hh:mm) | Median (IQR) | 17:30 (10:51–26:39) |  |
 S100B (μg/L), second sample | Median (IQR) | 0.38 (0.20–0.78) |  |
 NSE (μg/L), second admission | Median (IQR) | 19 (14–26) |  |
 Time from trauma to third sample (hh:mm) | Median (IQR) | 30:29 (22:30–42:09) |  |
 S100B (μg/L), third sample | Median (IQR) | 0.32 (0.15–0.74) |  |
 NSE (μg/L), third admission | Median (IQR) | 17 (12–24) |  |
 Patients with NSE hemolysis the first 72 hours | n (%) | 75 (18) |  |
Outcome | |||
 Time to outcome assessment in surviving patients (days) | Median (IQR) | 368 (339–397) |  |
 Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) | GOS1, n (%) | 85 (20) |  |
GOS2, n (%) | 2 (0.5) | Â | |
GOS3, n (%) | 116 (28) | Â | |
GOS4, n (%) | 126 (30) | Â | |
GOS5, n (%) | 88 (21) | Â | |
GOS1–3 (Unfavorable), n (%) | 203 (49) |  | |
GOS4–5 (Favorable), n (%) | 214 (51) |  | |