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Table 4 Mean differences (MDā€‰ =ā€‰Vent1 ā€“ Vent2) between the ventilators with the results of the post hoc contrasts with Bonferroni correction (dfā€‰=ā€‰47), the post hoc t tests without corrections, and the effect sizes (Cohenā€™s d)

From: The usability of ventilators: a comparative evaluation of use safety and user experience

Ā 

Contrasts with Bonferroni correction

Post hoc t tests without correction

Effect size

MD (Mvent1ā€‰ āˆ’ā€‰Mvent2)

p

t(47)

p

Cohenā€™s d

Use error/close calls (%) Use safety

Vent1

Vent2

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

G5

PB980

āˆ’0.391

1.000

āˆ’0.209

0.835

0.03

G5

SERVO-U

3.646

0.044a

2.804

0.007a

0.40

G5

V500

āˆ’4.167

0.292

āˆ’2.024

0.049a

0.29

PB980

SERVO-U

4.036

0.149

2.319

0.025a

0.33

PB980

V500

āˆ’3.776

0.287

āˆ’2.032

0.048a

0.29

SERVO-U

V500

āˆ’7.813

0.002a

āˆ’3.824

<0.001a

0.55

NASA-TLX (0ā€“100) Workload

Vent1

Vent2

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

G5

PB980

āˆ’15.449

< 0.001a

āˆ’4.404

< 0.001a

0.64

G5

SERVO-U

6.765

0.153

2.308

0.025a

0.33

G5

V500

āˆ’6.379

0.547

āˆ’1.725

0.091

0.25

PB980

SERVO-U

22.214

< 0.001a

7.524

< 0.001a

1.09

PB980

V500

9.070

0.072

2.615

0.012

0.38

SERVO-U

V500

āˆ’13.144

< 0.001a

āˆ’4.323

< 0.001a

0.62

PSSUQ (1ā€“7) System usability

Vent1

Vent2

Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā 

G5

PB980

āˆ’0.807

0.035a

āˆ’2.884

0.006

0.42

G5

SERVO-U

0.935

< 0.001a

4.363

< 0.001a

0.63

G5

V500

āˆ’0.452

0.508

āˆ’1.761

0.085

0.25

PB980

SERVO-U

1.742

< 0.001a

7.456

< 0.001a

1.07

PB980

V500

0.354

1.000

1.195

0.238

0.17

SERVO-U

V500

āˆ’1.388

< 0.001a

āˆ’6.221

< 0.001a

0.87

  1. Negative M D values representing Vent1 performing better than Vent2
  2. aStatistically significant results