Variation in diurnal sedation in mechanically ventilated patients who are managed with a sedation protocol alone or a sedation protocol and daily interruption

Table 2 Nighttime vs daytime benzodiazepine and opioid administration in all 423 patients

	Nighttime	Daytime	Mean Difference (95 % CI)	P value
Midazolam equivalents
Total dose/pt (mg)^a	547 (2220)	523 (2236)	23.3 (12.9, 33.8)	<0.0001
Total dose/pt, infusion (mg)	543 (2216)	519 (2231)	23.8 (13.1, 34.5)	<0.0001
Total dose/pt, bolus (mg)	4.0 (16.4)	4.5 (16.4)	−0.5 (−1.5, 0.6)	0.37
Number of boluses^b	1.2 (4.0)	1.2 (3.9)	0.02 (−0.2, 0.2)	0.81
Bolus dose (mg)	0.39 (1.4)	0.43 (1.5)	−0.04 (−0.1, 0.1)	0.41
Fentanyl equivalents
Total dose/pt (mcg)^a	8379 (22754)	8024 (23083)	356 (130, 582)	0.002
Total dose/pt, infusion (mcg)	7846 (22270)	7387 (22539)	459 (236, 682)	<0.0001
Total dose/pt, bolus (mcg)	534 (914)	637 (1082)	−103 (−150, −55)	<0.0001
Number of boluses^b	11.0 (14.8)	12.1 (15.9)	−1.2 (−1.8, −0.5)	0.0001
Bolus dose (mcg)	51.4 (71.6)	52.4 (59.9)	−1.0 (−6.7, 4.7)	0.73

Benzodiazepine (midazolam equivalents) and opioid (fentanyl equivalents) administration for all patients during night (19:00–07:00 hours) and day (07:00–19:00 hours) shifts. All data are presented as mean (SD). Mean difference is presented for total dose/patient (Total dose/pt), and all routes of administration including boluses and infusions. ^aTotal dose received over the duration of the study. ^bTotal number of boluses received over the duration of the study

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