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Table 3 Comparison of vital signs, ECG variables, and HRV parameters in patients with and without MACE within 30 days of arrival at the ED

From: A novel cardiovascular risk stratification model incorporating ECG and heart rate variability for patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain

 

No MACE

MACE

P-value

(n = 509)

(n = 254)

Vital signs, μ (σ)

   

 Temperature

36.4 (0.8)

36.4 (0.7)

0.517

 Heart rate

75 (22)

81 (23)

0.001*

 Respiratory rate

18 (1)

18 (1)

0.791

 Systolic BP

139 (33)

138 (41)

0.690

 Diastolic BP

75 (18)

78 (21)

0.005*

 SpO2

99 (3)

99 (3)

0.505

 Pain score

2 (4)

2 (5)

0.090

ECG variables, no. (%)

   

 ST elevation

13 (2.6)

52 (20.6)

<0.001*

 ST depression

13 (2.6)

53 (20.9)

<0.001*

 T inversion

82 (16.1)

69 (27.2)

<0.001*

 Q wave

17 (3.3)

35 (13.8)

<0.001*

 QT prolongation

159 (31.2)

102 (40.2)

0.015*

 Left axis deviation

36 (7.1)

18 (7.1)

1.000

 Right axis deviation

15 (2.9)

8 (3.1)

1.000

 LBBB

3 (0.6)

2 (0.8)

1.000

 RBBB

36 (7.1)

15 (5.9)

0.645

 IVCD

3 (0.6)

11 (4.3)

0.001*

 LAA

7 (1.4)

5 (2.0)

0.546

 LVH

62 (12.2)

41 (16.1)

0.144

 RVH

5 (1.0)

1 (0.4)

0.669

HRV parameters, μ (σ)

   

 Average RR

0.824 (0.241)

0.770 (0.233)

0.001*

 SD RR

0.035 (0.028)

0.029 (0.031)

0.010*

 Average HR

73.13 (21.16)

78.11 (23.31)

0.001*

 SD HR

3.27 (2.66)

2.99 (2.30)

0.135

 RMSSD

0.028 (0.031)

0.021 (0.031)

0.001*

 NN50

10.0 (26)

6.0 (21)

0.018*

 pNN50

2.85 (8.42)

1.55 (7.59)

0.013*

 Triangular index

2.97 (1.96)

2.87 (1.94)

0.640

 TINN

0.130 (0.118)

0.102 (0.113)

0.002*

 Total power

0.470 (0.140)

0.485 (0.155)

0.428

 VLF power

0.217 (0.169)

0.246 (0.202)

0.030*

 LF power

0.113 (0.102)

0.110 (0.083)

0.265

 Normalized LF

50.56 (30.52)

52.99 (35.85)

0.463

 HF

0.113 (0.110)

0.098 (0.110)

0.029*

 Normalized HF

49.44 (30.52)

47.01 (35.85)

0.463

 LF/HF ratio

1.02 (1.33)

1.13 (1.68)

0.428

  1. Vital signs and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters are expressed as mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ). MACE major adverse cardiac events, BP blood pressure, ECG electrocardiograph, LBBB left bundle branch block, RBBB right bundle branch block, IVCD intraventricular conduction defect, LAA left atrial abnormality, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, RVH right ventricular hypertrophy, HRV heart rate variability, NN normal-to-normal, SD standard deviation, RMSSD root mean square of successive differences, SpO 2 pulse arterial oxygen saturation, TINN triangular interpolation NN, VLF very low frequency, LF low frequency, HF high frequency. *P < 0.05
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Critical Care

ISSN: 1364-8535