Structural equation modelling exploration of the key pathophysiological processes involved in cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury in infants

Table 3 Path coefficients of the structural equation model

Direct path of the SEM	Standardized coefficient	95 % CI
CPB → duration of CPB	0.997	0.946–1.051
CPB → duration of cross-clamping	0.838	0.753–0.893
CPB → conventional ultrafiltration	0.708	0.592 to −0.791
LCOS → age	−0.661	−0.762 to −0.559
LCOS → systolic arterial pressure	0.684	0.541–0.791
LCOS → lactacidemia	0.749	0.674–0.822
LCOS → transfusions on day 0	0.709	0.584–0.796
AKI → creatinine normalized uNGAL	0.508	0.202–0.745
AKI → ΔsCr >50 %	0.443	0.273–0.596
AKI → oliguria	0.494	0.250–0.864
Outcome → duration of mechanical ventilation	0.998	0.958–1.043
Outcome → length of ICU stay	0.934	0.905–0.967
Outcome → in-hospital mortality	0.652	0.375–0.784
CPB → AKI	0.596	0.341–0.747
CPB → LCOS	0.451	0.319–0.562
LCOS → AKI	0.347	0.096–0.553
AKI → outcome	0.684	0.532–0.878
Duration of CPB ↔ creatinine normalized uNGAL	0.137	0.077–0.404
In-hospital mortality ↔ ΔsCr >50 %	0.197	0.109–0.271

AKI acute kidney injury, CPB cardiopulmonary bypass, Cr creatinine, ΔsCr serum creatinine variation relative to baseline, LCOS Low cardiac output syndrome, ICU intensive care unit, uNGAL urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, SEM structural equation modelling
Only the direct path coefficients are shown. The 95 % CIs were estimated by bootstrapping with 200 resamples. All p values were <0.001. The values of the compound path coefficients are given in the main text, together with their 95 % CIs

ISSN: 1364-8535