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Table 3 Summary of case mix, clinical course, and outcomes for critically ill patients younger than 65 years old, stratified by frailty status

From: A prospective multicenter cohort study of frailty in younger critically ill patients

Variable

Frail

Nonfrail

p Value

ICU diagnostic category, n (%)

  

0.284

 Sepsis

10 (18.2)

15 (10.6)

 

 Cardiovascular

5 (9.1)

20 (14.1)

 

 Respiratory

22 (40.0)

45 (31.7)

 

 Gastrointestinal/liver

9 (16.4)

25 (17.6)

 

 Othera

9 (16.4)

37 (26.1)

 

ICU admission source, n (%)

  

0.900

 Ward transfer

17 (30.9)

41 (28.9)

 

 OR theater transfer

13 (23.6)

39 (27.5)

 

 ED

14 (25.5)

40 (28.1)

 

 Otherb

10 (18.2), 1 (1.8)

20 (14.1), 2 (1.4)

 

Postoperative, n (%)

13 (23.6)

55 (38.7)

0.046

APACHE II score, mean ± SD

19.8 ± 6.7

17.9 ± 7.4

0.103

SOFA score, mean ± SD

8.2 ± 4.0

7.0 ± 4.1

0.086

Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

52 (94.5)

120 (84.5)

0.058

Vasoactive medications, n (%)

33 (60.0)

72 (50.7)

0.241

Renal replacement therapy, n (%)

6 (10.9)

21 (14.8)

0.478

Preferences for support, n (%)

  

0.069

 Full ICU support

48 (87.3)

134 (95.0)

 

 Limitations on therapy (DNR order)

7 (12.7)

7 (5.0)

 

Mortality, n (%)

   

 ICU

6 (10.9)

10 (7.0)

0.390

 Hospital

11 (20.0)

20 (14.1)

0.306

 90-day

13 (23.6)

21 (14.8)

0.140

 6-month

16 (29.1)

25 (17.6)

0.075

 1-year

18 (32.7)

29 (20.4)

0.069

ICU length of stay, days, median (IQR)

6 (3.5–11.5)

6 (3–10)

0.383

ICU readmission, n (%)

9 (18.4)

18 (13.6)

0.427

Hospital length of stay, median (IQR)

26 (9–68)

18.5 (10–43)

0.389

Hospital readmission, n (%)

26 (60.5)

49 (40.2)

0.022

Discharge disposition, n (%)

  

0.112

 Living at home independent

14 (32.6)

62 (50.8)

 

 Living at home with help

16 (37.2)

31 (25.4)

 

 Other

13 (30.2)

29 (23.8)

 

EQ-5D-VAS, 6-month

   

 Mean (SD)

58.8 (18.7)

63.4 (20.4)

0.254

  n (%)

34/39 (87.2)

96/117 (82.1)

 

EQ-5D-VAS, 1-year

   

 Mean (SD)

63.0 (20.2)

68.3 (17.6)

0.184

  n (%)

28/37 (75.7)

85/113 (75.2)

 

MCIDc in EQ-5D-VAS between 6 and 12 months, n (%)

10/27 (37.0)

29/77 (37.7)

0.95

EQ-5D, 6-month, n (%)

   

 Mobility

25 (71.4)

40 (41.2)

0.002

 Self-care

11 (31.4)

8 (8.2)

0.001

 Usual activities

30 (85.7)

65 (67.7)

0.041

 Pain/discomfort

30 (85.7)

54 (55.7)

0.002

 Anxiety/depression

19 (54.3)

36 (37.1)

0.077

  1. ICU intensive care unit, ED emergency department, OR operating room, VAS visual analogue scale, DNR do not resuscitate, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, EQ-5D EuroQol Health Questionnaire, MCID minimal clinically important difference, IQR interquartile range
  2. aOther was defined as urologic/renal, neurologic, endocrinologic/metabolic, hematologic/oncologic, trauma, musculoskeletal
  3. bOther was defined as transfer from another hospital, other location
  4. cMinimum difference of 7 points in the EQ-5D-VAS was considered clinically important [13]
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Critical Care

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