Nighttime is associated with decreased survival and resuscitation efforts for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective observational study

Table 3 Resuscitation efforts of patients with cardiac arrest occurring during daytime, evening and nighttime hours

	Time of 911 emergency call receipt		P value
	Daytime and evening	Night
	0701–2300 h	2301–0700 h
	(n = 10,810)	(n = 2970)
Prehospital, n (%)
Call-response interval	7 (6, 10)	7 (6, 9)	<0.0001
Bystander CPR	4044 (37.5)	994 (33.6)	0.0001
Advanced airway	4992 (48.6)	1414 (49.8)	0.280
Adrenaline	2153 (21.0)	539 (19.3)	0.055
Initial shockable rhythm	856 (7.9)	212 (7.1)
Defibrillation	828 (96.7)	210 (99.1)	0.100
In-hospital, n (%)
Intubation	8517 (86.8)	2299 (84.7)	0.006
Adrenaline	8883 (85.3)	2487 (87.5)	0.004
Shockable rhythm without ROSC	351 (3.2)	90 (3.0)
Defibrillation	300 (85.5)	84 (93.3)	0.052
Blood gas analysis	9482 (89.6)	2539 (87.6)	0.002

We limited the analysis of prehospital defibrillation to the patients who had initially shockable rhythms during resuscitation by emergency services personnel, and the analysis of in-hospital defibrillation to patients who had shockable rhythm without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on hospital arrival. Patients with prehospital intubation were excluded from the analysis of in-hospital intubation. Data are presented as the median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and absolute numbers (percentages) for categorical data. P values were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared test. CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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