Early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock: insights and comparisons to ProCESS, ProMISe, and ARISE

Table 4 Comparison of treatments across the EGDT, ProCESS, ARISE, and ProMISe trials

	EGDT		ProCESS			ARISE		ProMISe
	EGDT	Control	EGDT	PBST	UC	EGDT	UC	EGDT	UC
Fluid from ED arrival to 6 h, mL^a	4981	3499	5059	5511	4362	4479	4304	4216	3987
Fluids 6–72 h, mL	8625	10,602	4458	4918	4354	4274	4382	4215	4366
Total fluids 0–72 h, mL	13,443	13,358	7253	8193	6663	6906	6672	5946	5844
Vasopressor 0–6 h, %	27.4	30.3	54.9	52.2	44.1	66.6	57.8	53.3	46.6
Vasopressor 6–72 h, %	29.1	42.9	47.6	46.6	43.2	58.8	51.5	57.9	52.6
Vasopressor 0–72 h, %	36.8	51.3	60.4	61.2	53.7			60.5	55.0
Inotrope 0–6 h, %	13.7	0.8	8.0	1.1	0.9	15.4	2.6	18.1	3.8
Inotrope 6–72 h, %	14.5	8.4	4.3	2.0	2.2	9.5	5.0	17.7	6.5
Mechanical ventilation 0–6 h, %	53.0	53.8	26.4	24.7	21.7	34.8^c	32.9^c	20.2	19.0
Mechanical ventilation 6–72 h, %	2.6	16.8	33.7	31.4	27.9	38.6^c	40.6^c	24.4	25.4
Any mechanical ventilation, %	55.6	70.6	36.2	34.1	29.6	30.0	31.5	27.4	28.5
Steroids pre-randomization, %	None	None	9.3	9.4	8.3			5	4
Steroids 0–6 h, %	None	None	12.3	10.8	8.1			11.7	11.5
Any steroids 72 h, %	None	None				36.9	35.9	21.9	21.1

^aThe Pre-Randomization period refers to a time-frame prior to the time of informed consent for study enrollment. Interventions were initiated as indicated, but these interventions were not considered for outcome evaluations (Additional file 1: Figure S3)
^bCombined invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation
ARISE Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation, EGDT Early Goal-Directed Therapy, ED emergency department, PBST protocol-based standard therapy, ProCESS Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock, ProMISe Protocolized Management in Sepsis, UC usual care

ISSN: 1364-8535