Table 1 Comparison of observational studies before and during the EGDT, ProCESS, ProMISe and ARISE trials
Studies | Year | Mortality before (%)a | Mortality after (%)b |
|---|---|---|---|
EGDT [3] | 1997–2000 | 46.5 | 30.5 |
Shanker-Hari et al. (septic shock) [96] (n = 52, n = 166,479) | 1993-2015 | 46.5 | n/a |
US observational Studies | |||
Dombrovsky et al. (severe sepsis) [133] | 2001 | 40.3 | n/a |
Ani et al. (severe sepsis) [134] | 1999–2008 | 40.0 | 27.8 |
Stevenson et al. [135] | 1993–2009 | 46.9 | 29.2 |
Kumar et al. (severe sepsis) [136] | 2003–2009 | 39.6 | 27.3 |
Kumar et al. (septic shock) [136] | 2000–2007 | 47.1 | 36.4 |
Mechanically ventilated patients [60] | 2002–2012 | 64.1 | 39.7 |
Studies of EGDT (number of studies, number of patients) | |||
2001–2016 | 45.8 | 28.5 | |
Prospective observational (n = 38, n = 66,862) [43, 87, 91, 93, 94, 141–174] | 2001–2016 | 40.3 | 27.6 |
Prospective with historical controls (n = 9, n = 2250) [175–183] | 2001–2016 | 45.5 | 29.6 |
2001–2016 | 41.1 | 24.7 | |
Randomized control trials (n = 11, n = 5756) [3, 12–14, 79, 194–199] | 2001–2016 | 31.3 | 26.2 |
ProCESS [12] | 2008–2013 | 18.9 | 19-20 |
United Kingdom observational studies | |||
Padkin et al. [200] | 1995–2000 | 47.0 | n/a |
Gao et al. [148] | 2004–2005 | 55.0 | 29.0 |
Reuben et al. [201] | 2004–2005 | 43.0 | n/a |
Melville et al. [202] | 2005–2008 | 51.9 | 41.3 |
Daniels et al. [203] | 2007–2008 | 44.1 | 20.0 |
Sivayoham et al. [189] | 2006–2009 | 42.8 | 22.7 |
ProMISe [14] | 2011–2014 | 25.6 | 24.6 |
Australia and New Zealand observational studies | |||
Finfer et al. (severe sepsis) [204] | 1999 | 37.5 | n/a |
Kaukonen et al. (severe sepsis, with co morbidities) [205] | 2000–2012 | 46.3 | 23.4 |
Kaukonen et al. (severe sepsis) [205] | 2000–2012 | 30.2 | 14.2 |
Kaukonen et al. (septic shock) [205] | 2000–2012 | 40.3 | 22.0 |
ARISE [13] | 2008–2014 | 18.8 | 18.6 |