Characteristics and outcomes of anti-infective de-escalation during health care-associated intra-abdominal infections

Table 6 Uni- and multivariate analyses of risk factors for 28-day mortality

	Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
	Death at day 28 (n = 43)	Survival at day 28 (n = 163)	Unadjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI)	p value^a	Adjusted hazard ratio (95 % CI)	p value
Age, years	69 (56–78)	62 (46–72)	1.022 (1.003–1.042)	0.023	1.034 (1.011–1.059)	0.004
Emergency surgery	24 (56)	57 (35)	2.072 (1.135–3.783)	0.015	–	–
Surgery below the mesocolon	28 (65)	128 (79)	0.561 (0.299–1.050)	0.075	0.427 (0.215–0.848)	0.015
SOFA score	10 (7–11)	7 (4–9)	1.261 (1.153–1.380)	<0.0001	1.291 (1.168–1.427)	<0.0001
SAPS II score	52 (45–61)	44 (32–53)	1.039 (1.019–1.060)	<0.0001	–	–
Initial use of piperacillin-tazobactam	22 (51)	105 (64)	0.636 (0.350–1.157)	0.117	–	–
Empiric antifungal therapy	21 (49)	49 (30)	1.980 (1.089–3.601)	0.029	–	–
Other Enterobacteriaceae ^b	5 (12)	34 (21)	0.538 (0.212–1.366)	0.195	0.342 (0.1219–0.961)	0.0419
Presence of Candida spp.	19 (44)	52 (32)	1.569 (0.859–2.865)	0.150	2.641 (1.3471–5.179)	0.0047
Decreased SOFA score at day 3	17 (40)	109 (67)	0.372 (0.202–0.686)	0.0015	0.311 (0.1632–0.593)	0.0004
Antibiotic strategy				0.189
De-escalation	19 (44)	91 (56)	0.488 (0.227–1.051)		0.566 (0.2503–1.278)	0.171
No change	10 (23)	21 (13)	Reference		Reference	Reference
Escalation	14 (33)	51 (31)	0.627 (0.278–1.411)		0.508 (0.2154–1.198)	0.122

SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
^a p values are from Fisher exact tests or Wilcoxon tests
^bOther Enterobacteriaceae: analysis of all Enterobacteriaceae except Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp.

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