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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 206 patients with or without subsequent antibiotic de-escalation

From: Characteristics and outcomes of anti-infective de-escalation during health care-associated intra-abdominal infections

Characteristic

De-escalation (n = 110)

No de-escalation (n = 96)

Escalation (n = 65)

No change (n = 31)

Male sex, n (%)

61 (55)

56 (58)

35 (54)

21 (68)

Age, years, median (IQR)

61 (47–72)

66 (51–75)a

63 (47–75)

70 (58–77)

Comorbidities

 Fatal underlying disease

30 (27)

32 (33)

21 (32)

11 (35)

 Cancer, n (%)

37 (34)

36 (38)

23 (35)

13 (42)

 Diabetes, n (%)

17 (15)

15 (16)

9 (14)

6 (19)

Time since initial surgery, days, median (IQR)

7 (5–12)

7 (4–10)

6 (3–9)

8 (5–10)

Antibiotic therapy before reoperation, n (%)

73 (66)

68 (71)

47 (72)

21 (68)

Broad-spectrum interim antibiotic, n (%)

34 (31)

37 (39)

27 (42)

10 (32)

Intraoperative diagnosis

 Anastomotic leakage, n (%)

45 (41)

27 (28)

19 (29)

8 (26)

 Perforation or ischemia, n (%)

33 (30)

36 (38)

20 (31)

16 (52)a#

 Purulent collection, n (%)

19 (17)

17 (18)

13 (20)

4 (13)

 No cause, n (%)

19 (17)

20 (21)

15 (23)

5 (16)

Contamination below transverse mesocolon, n (%)

82 (75)

74 (77)

50 (77)

24 (77)

Characteristics at the time of ICU admission

 Bacteremia, n (%)

26 (24)

17 (18)

14 (22)

3 (10)

 SAPS II score, median (IQR)

45 (34–54)

47 (35–57)

44 (34–56)

51 (42–61)a#

 SOFA score, median (IQR)

7 (4–9)

8 (4–10)

7 (4–9)

9 (6–10)

 Hemodynamic failureb, n (%)

65 (59)

65 (68)

41 (63)

24 (77)

 Respiratory failureb, n (%)

54 (49)

40 (42)

26 (40)

14 (45)

 Renal failureb, n (%)

21 (19)

18 (19)

13 (20)

5 (16)

  1. IQR interquartile range, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
  2. Patients without de-escalation were also analyzed in terms of subsequent antibiotic escalation or no change. Results are expressed as number and proportions or median (IQR)
  3. a p < 0.05 versus de-escalation
  4. bSOFA score of 3 or 4 for each organ
  5. # p < 0.05 versus escalation