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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included patients

From: The association between lactate, mean arterial pressure, central venous oxygen saturation and peripheral temperature and mortality in severe sepsis: a retrospective cohort analysis

 

All N = 821

Lactate(24 h) <2 mmol/l

Lactate(24 h) <2 mmol/l

Lactate(24 h) ≥2 mmol/l

Lactate(24 h) ≥2 mmol/l

p value*

MAP(24 h) <65 mmHg

MAP(24 h) ≥65 mmHg

MAP(24 h) <65 mmHg

MAP(24 h) ≥65 mmHg

N = 68

N = 406

N = 115

N = 232

Male (%)

532/821 (64.8)

45/68 (66.2)

274/406 (67.5)

77/115 (67.0)

136/232 (58.6)

0.15

Age (years)

64.0 (14.4)

68.7 (12.1)

62.8 (14.4)

68.2 (11.3)

62.5 (15.8)

0.001

MAP(adm)

76.9 (21)

64.8 (14)

83.2 (21)

62.6 (14)

76.5 (22)

0.001

MAP(24 h)

72.7 (10)

61.6 (2.9)

77.3 (9.4)

60.2 (4.4)

73.9 (8.1)

0.001

Lactate(adm)

1.9 (1.2–3.5)

1.3 (1.1–1.9)

1.3 (1.0–1.7)

4.2 (2.7–6.6)

3.5 (2.6–5.2)

0.001

Lactate(24 h)

1.8 (1.2–2.8)

1.3 (1.1–1.8)

1.3 (1.1–1.6)

3.9 (2.7–6.2)

2.9 (2.3–4.1)

0.001

ScvO2(adm)

66.4 (11)

76.4 (3.3)

68.3 (9.0)

63.9 (11)

64.7 (13)

0.50

ScvO2(24 h)

69.3 (9.4)

71.1 (11)

71.3 (8.6)

68.4 (7.6)

67.3 (9.9)

0.063

Delta-T(adm)

6.6 (4.2–9.3)

7.2 (3.2–10)

5.9 (3.9–8.8)

7.4 (5.1–9.7)

7.4 (4.8–9.9)

0.007

Delta-T(24 h)

3.7 (2.8–5.1)

3.4 (2.7–4.9)

3.3 (2.5–4.5)

4.5 (3.3–6.1)

4.0 (3.1–5.8)

0.001

24-h fluid balance (ml)

3366 (1314–5568)

4321 (2160–5939)

2238 (825–3973)

7080 (3671–9795)

3932 1722–6277)

0.001

Mechanical ventilation (%) at any time during ICU stay

627/821 (76)

52/68 (76.5)

304/406 (74.9)

95/115 (82.6)

176/232 (75.9)

0.39

P/F ratio (lowest during ICU stay)

156 (105–226)

169 (117–232)

160 (107–220)

140 (89–202)

166 (105–257)

0.04

Noradrenalin dosea (mg)

0.0 (0–4.2)

0.57 (0–4.8)

0.0 (0–0.85)

7.4 (0.98-19.2)

0.72 (0–6.9)

0.001

Dopamine dosea (mg)

215 (59–469)

402 (230–727)

172 (0–320)

515 (231–912)

219 (62–473)

0.001

History of arterial hypertension

237/821 (28.9)

18/68 (26.5)

131/406 (32.3)

34/115 (29.6)

54/232 (23.3)

0.11

CRRTb (%)

121/821 (14.7)

12/68 (17.6)

22/406 (5.4)

49/115 (42.6)

38/232 (16.4)

0.001

SOFA admission

7.8 (3.7)

8.1 (3.2)

6.5 (2.7)

10.9 (4.5)

8.7 (3.8)

0.001

APACHE IV predicted mortality

0.34 (0.16–0.60)

0.37 (0.19–0.57)

0.25 (0.13–0.45)

0.63 (0.37–0.84)

0.37 (0.18–0.67)

0.001

Length of ICU stay in hours

86.0 (40.0–209)

96.5 (47.8–254)

72 (39.0–189)

120 (64.0–283)

80.5 (36.0–199)

0.013

ICU mortality (%)

146/821 (17.8)

13/68 (19.1)

37/406 (9.1)

51/115 (44.3)

45/232 (19.4)

0.001

Hospital mortality (%)

215/821 (26.2)

18/68 (26.5)

64/406 (15.8)

62/115 (53.9)

71/232 (30.6)

0.001

  1. Values for MAP are given in mmHg, values for lactate in mmol/l, values delta-T in °C and values for ScvO2 in %
  2. Groups represent mean lactate and mean MAP over the first 24 hours of ICU admission. Data are given as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)
  3. *p-value shows differences between all groups
  4. a Cumulative dose over first 24 hours of ICU admission
  5. b At any time during ICU admission, available for 193 patients
  6. (24 h) arithmetic mean of all validated measurements during the first 24 hours after admission, (adm) at admission, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, delta-T difference between central and forefoot temperature, ICU intensive care unit, MAP mean arterial pressure, P/F PaO2 / FiO2 ratio, ScvO 2 central venous oxygen saturation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment