Table 1 Clinical and prehospital characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients by group
Characteristic | Total (n = 11,505) | Cardiac etiology (n = 6138) | Noncardiac etiology (n = 5367) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.4 ± 15.8 | 73.4 ± 14.5 | 71.2 ± 17.1 | |
Male | 6884 (59.8) | 3827 (62.3) | 3057 (57.0) | |
Location of arrest | Â | |||
|  |  Home | 8395 (73.0) | 4365 (71.1) | 4030 (75.1) |
|  |  Public space (indoor) | 352 (3.1) | 217 (3.5) | 135 (2.5) |
|  |  Public space (outdoor) | 622 (5.4) | 435 (7.1) | 187 (3.5) |
|  |  Other | 2136 (18.6) | 1121 (18.3) | 1015 (18.9) |
EMS care interval (minutes) | Â | |||
|  |  Call to arrival of ambulance at scene | 8.0 ± 3.6 | 8.0 ± 3.7 | 7.9 ± 3.6 |
|  |  Call to hospital arrival | 35.3 ± 3.6 | 35.4 ± 11.0 | 35.3 ± 12.0 |
Initial rhythm | Â | |||
|  |  Ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia | 845 (7.3) | 752 (12.3) | 93 (1.7) |
|  |  Pulseless electrical activity | 2369 (20.6) | 1111 (18.1) | 1258 (23.4) |
|  |  Asystole | 7550 (65.6) | 3909 (63.7) | 3641 (67.8) |
|  |  Others or unknown | 741 (6.4) | 366 (6.0) | 375 (7.0) |
Advanced airway procedure | 5368 (46.7) | 2941 (47.9) | 2427 (45.2) | |
Prehospital adrenaline administration | 2287 (19.9) | 1220 (19.9) | 1067 (19.9) | |
BLS performed by EMS | 5424 (47.1) | 2818 (46.9) | 2606 (48.6) | |
|  |  Met BLS TOR criteria | 4193 | 2060 | 2133 |
ALS performed by EMS | 6081 (52.9) | 3320 (54.1) | 2761 (51.4) | |
|  |  Met ALS TOR criteria | 1701 | 956 | 745 |
Arrest witnessed by | Â | |||
|  |  Bystander | 5473 (47.6) | 2881 (46.9) | 2592 (48.3) |
|  |  EMS/first responder | 929 (8.1) | 480 (7.8) | 449 (8.4) |
Prehospital defibrillation (layperson and EMS) | 1565 (13.6) | 1249 (20.3) | 316 (5.9) | |
Bystander-initiated CPR | 4231 (36.8) | 2226 (36.3) | 2005 (37.4) | |
Prehospital ROSC | 1070 (9.3) | 570 (9.3) | 500 (9.3) | |