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Fig. 2 | Critical Care

Fig. 2

From: Detrimental cross-talk between sepsis and acute kidney injury: new pathogenic mechanisms, early biomarkers and targeted therapies

Fig. 2

Interplay between tubular epithelial cells and systemic inflammation. Tubular epithelial cells are directly targeted by inflammation through specific membrane receptors able to modulate cytokines, activated immune cells and bacterial products. In response to these deleterious stimuli, tubular cells dedifferentiate and release a plethora of paracrine factors as an ultimate effort to induce tissue regeneration. On the other hand, tubular cells directly contribute to systemic inflammation by carrying out immune functions, such as cytokine release and leukocyte recruitment and activation

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