Table 1 Characteristics of common crystalloid solutions compared to human plasma
Plasma | 0.9 % saline | Compound sodium lactate (lactate buffered solution) | Ringer’s lactate (lactate buffered solution) | Ionosteril® (acetate buffered solution) | Sterofundin ISO® (acetate & malate buffered solution) | Plasma‐Lyte 148® (acetate & gluconate buffered solution) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sodium (mmol/l) | 136–145 | 154 | 129 | 130 | 137 | 145 | 140 |
Potassium (mmol/l) | 3.5–5.0 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |
Magnesium (mmol/l) | 0.8–1.0 | 1.25 | 1 | 1.5 | |||
Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.2–2.6 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.65 | 2.5 | ||
Chloride (mmol/l) | 98–106 | 154 | 109 | 109 | 110 | 127 | 98 |
Acetate (mmol/l) | 36.8 | 24 | 27 | ||||
Gluconate (mmol/l) | 23 | ||||||
Lactate (mmol/l) | 29 | 28 | |||||
Malate (mmol/l) | 5 | ||||||
eSID (mEq/l) | 42 | 27 | 28 | 36.8 | 25.5 | 50 | |
Theoretical osmolarity (mosmol/l) | 291 | 308 | 278 | 273 | 291 | 309 | 295 |
Actual or measured aosmolality (mosmol/kg H2O) | 287 | 286 | 256 | 256 | 270 | Not stated | 271 |
pH | 7.35–7.45 | 4.5–7 | 5–7 | 5.0–7 | 6.9–7.9 | 5.1–5.9 | 4–8 |