Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study

Age ≥18 y

AKI_SCr/UO stage ≥2 at time of enrollment^a

Presence of both arterial and urinary catheter

Expected ICU stay ≥48 h

Respiratory SOFA score ≥2 (PaO₂/FiO₂ < 300) or cardiovascular SOFA score ≥1 (MAP <70 mmHg or on vasopressor(s) for at least 1 h)

CKD KDOQI stage 5 (GFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m² or RRT)^b

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