Outcome/Complication | Saline (n = 1558) % (n) | Balanced (n = 1558) % (n) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95 % CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Administrative Outcomes | ||||
Cardiac | 8.66 (135) | 4.43 (69) | 0.488 (0.362–0.659) | 0.387 (0.276–0.544) |
Hemorrhage | 0.71 (11) | 0.51 (8) | 0.726 (0.291–1.809) | 0.681 (0.264–1.757) |
Infectious | 10.14 (158) | 6.03 (94) | 0.569 (0.436–0.742) | 0.526 (0.396–0.699) |
Gastrointestinal | 5.46 (85) | 5.13 (80) | 0.938 (0.685–1.284) | 0.881 (0.636–1.220) |
Neurologic | 1.16 (18) | 0.83 (13) | 0.72 (0.352–1.474) | 0.585 (0.275–1.245) |
Acute renal failure | 4.36 (68) | 3.34 (52) | 0.757 (0.524–1.093) | 0.676 (0.447–1.023) |
Respiratory failure | 5.46 (85) | 3.47 (54) | 0.622 (0.439–0.882) | 0.624 (0.429–0.908) |
New organ failure | 9.11 (142) | 7.12 (111) | 0.765 (0.59–0.991) | 0.707 (0.506–0.986) |
Clinical Outcomes | ||||
Hospital mortality | 3.27 (51) | 1.03 (16) | 0.307 (0.174–0.54) | 0.373 (0.204–0.681) |
30–day readmissions | 9.5 (148) | 7.64 (119) | 0.788 (0.612–1.014) | 0.801 (0.618–1.036) |
60–day readmissions | 13.54 (211) | 10.91 (170) | 0.782 (0.63–0.97) | 0.804 (0.645–1.004) |
90–day readmissions | 16.56 (258) | 12.58 (196) | 0.725 (0.593–0.886) | 0.735 (0.598–0.904) |
Cardiac | ||||
Dysrhythmia | 10.65 (166) | 6.87 (107) | 0.618 (0.48–0.797) | 0.632 (0.485–0.823) |
Cardiac stress | 6.42 (100) | 2.05 (32) | 0.306 (0.204–0.458) | 0.289 (0.188–0.483) |
Heart failure | 4.04 (63) | 1.48 (23) | 0.356 (0.219–0.576) | 0.447 (0.268–0.747) |
Hemorrhage/Hematologic | ||||
Coagulopathya | 11.09 (150) | 7.71 (106) | 0.67 (0.516–0.87) | 0.602 (0.450–0.806) |
Received blood transfusion | 2.92 (46) | 2.27 (36) | 0.777 (0.5–1.209) | 0.629 (0.389–1.018) |
Bleeding | 20.09 (313) | 19.96 (311) | 0.992 (0.832–1.182) | 1.134 (0.942–1.365) |
Infectious | ||||
Pneumonia | 6.03 (94) | 2.12 (33) | 0.337 (0.225–0.504) | 0.349 (0.226–0.539) |
Sepsis | 10.53 (164) | 5.65 (88) | 0.509 (0.389–0.666) | 0.534 (0.401–0.711) |
Urinary tract infection | 5.91 (92) | 4.69 (73) | 0.783 (0.571–1.074) | 0.884 (0.632–1.237) |
Line infection | 0.77 (12) | 0 | – | – |
Gastrointestinal | ||||
Cholecystitis | 4.75 (74) | 3.53 (55) | 0.734 (0.514–1.048) | 0.753 (0.517–1.098) |
Renal | ||||
Acute Kidney Injury | 5.46 (85) | 4.43 (69) | 0.803 (0.580–1.112) | 1.052 (0.760–1.455) |
Electrolyte Abnormalities | ||||
Low magnesium with replacement | 4.36 (68) | 2.12 (33) | 0.474 (0.311–0.723) | 0.565 (0.362–0.880) |
High magnesium | 4.43 (69) | 3.4 (53) | 0.760 (0.528–1.095) | 0.822 (0.553–1.221) |
Low potassium with replacement | 14.12 (220) | 7.51 (117) | 0.494 (0.39–0.625) | 0.510 (0.393–0.660) |
High potassium | 9.44 (147) | 6.87 (107) | 0.708 (0.546–0.918) | 0.848 (0.643–1.118) |
Low sodium | 39.41 (614) | 30.62 (477) | 0.678 (0.585–0.787) | 0.703 (0.602–0.821) |
High sodium | 7 (109) | 6.03 (94) | 0.854 (0.642–1.135) | 0.965 (0.710–1.311) |
Low calcium with replacement | 1.16 (18) | 0.77 (12) | 0.664 (0.319–1.383) | 1.125 (0.534–2.369) |
Metabolic Acidosis | ||||
Lactic (pH and lactate) | 0.71 (11) | 0.26 (4) | 0.362 (0.115–1.139) | 0.397 (0.106–1.487) |
Metabolic (pH and bicarbonate) | 2.76 (43) | 1.22 (19) | 0.435 (0.252–0.75) | 0.749 (0.399–1.403) |
Hyperchloremic (pH and chloride) | 3.47 (54) | 1.22 (19) | 0.344 (0.203–0.583) | 0.477 (0.262–0.868) |