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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics

From: Lactic acidosis and severe septic shock in metformin users: a cohort study

 

Metformin users (n = 44)

Nonusers (n = 118)

p value*

Gender (male), n (%)

22 (50 %)

71 (60.17 %)

0.09

Age (mean ± SD)

74.0 ± 11.3

68.4 ± 19.7

0.03

Baseline creatinine

1.2 (0.7–1.3)

1.1 (0.7–1.2)

0.36

Hypertension, n (%)

34 (77.3)

26 (52.5)

<0.001

ACEi, n (%)

18 (40.9)

26 (22.0)

0.29

Beta blockers, n (%)

27 (61.4)

37 (31.4)

0.09

Diabetes, n (%)

44 (100)

23 (19.83)

<0.001

Metformin dose (g)

1.6 (0.8)

  

Insulin n (%)

9 (20.5)

13 (11.4)

<0.001

Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

15 (34.1)

358 (29.7)

0.05

Cerebrovascular attack, n (%)

14 (32.6)

23 (19.5)

0.02

Aspirin use, n (%)

20 (45.5)

318 (26.3)

0.65

Malignancy, n (%)

8 (18.2)

21 (17.8)

<0.001

Lactate (median, IQR)

12.7 (11.1–15.0)

12.7 (11.3–16.3)

0.90

Ph (median, IQR)

7.06 (6.9–7.20)

7.10 (6.94–7.20)

0.80

HCO3 (mean ± SD)

10.9 ± 5.6

11.5 ± 5.1

0.56

APACHE II score

41.12 ± 8.8

37.97 ± 6.16

0.01

Mortality score

34.7(11.7–55.6)

43.9 (31.5–59.6)

0.19

Creatinine at admission

2.87 (1.5–3.32)

2.14 (1.21–3)

0.02

Acute kidney injury (%)

38 (86.7 %)

65 (56.7 %)

0.02

Renal replacement therapy (%)

(38.6 %) 17

25 (21.2 %)

0.13

Inhospital mortality

25 (556.8 %)

104 (88.1 %)

<0.001

Time to event (hospitalization to death or discharge, days, mean ± SD)

11.67 ± 15.3

4.77 ± 9.79

<0.001

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile (IQR) range for parameters not normally distributed or as % for categorical variables
  2. ACEi angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II
  3. * p for t test or for Mann–Whitney test for parameters not normally distributed or chi2 for categorical